Vouch for Versace Essay Example for Free

Vouch for Versace Essay Don’t let your dress wear on your ledger (if you’re a youngster) ‘’ Young individuals spend an excess of cash on garments and are time and again affected by brands and architect labels’’ This is in truth the troubling reality my companions. You perceive how intolerantly we youngsters are seen. In established truth in any event 7 out of 10 individuals would concur with that announcement. Verifiably shameful, isn’t it? Any individual who isn’t an adolescent is qualified for spend ‘too much’ cash on garments, or rather, they won’t be considered as the effectively ‘influenced’ youth of today. What is ‘too much’ cash in any case, where is that line which, when crossed, says that you have spent a lot on your garments? I’ll let you know precisely where it is-no place. That line doesn't exist as a scarce difference, and it essentially can't be. Numerous individuals appear to overlook that that it can't exist because of the way that we set aside up cash with the aim of utilizing it to purchase garments; I would scarcely call that spending a lot of when that is in certainty the main thing we want to spend on. I need to allow that numerous individuals concur with this announcement on the legitimate premise that garments are not as significant as different things that youngsters ought to spend their cash on, for example, school hardware and assets, network, sport and so forth. Regardless the greater part of that is and ought to be paid for by guardians would it be a good idea for it to not? After all since instruction is so crucial and basic shouldn’t your folks furnish you with all the assets and gear you require so as to do your most noteworthy? Then again your folks might be paying for such as of now, yet they may likewise be subsidizing your customary shopping binges, particularly for all you young ladies out there! Each one of those adornments and make up items must come up to a weighty total. Studies show that 68% of young people get their folks to pay for their outfits and additional attire, 43% of these adolescents being young ladies. This examination shows that adolescents fixation on fashioner names and garments as a rule appears to have had a thump on impact on their folks. Some may even ponder, ‘why do they really need to dress unique? ‘’ I’ll reveal to you why. We have been mobbed into society’s misinterpretation of young people. Truth be told, we burn through cash on garments so as to really conflict with these generalizations that we are over and over stapled with. A significant number of you would concur with me when I state that by burning through cash on garments we are in actuality communicating our uniqueness as youngsters. What else would we be able to do to defeated these generalizations that we are left with? To the extent being ‘’often impacted by brands and designerâ labels’’, we don't simply go for brands. We are youthful grown-ups and we know about budgetary issues around us, so for what reason would we squander cash constantly to supplant our garments? Would it not be smarter to spend a reasonable piece of cash on an originator brand that can guarantee you of its quality? By buying architect marks and brands we are basically setting aside cash over the long haul, after all do they not state quality over amount or for this situation the expense. Because we fancy originator marks doesn't really imply that we are casualties of big name hawking. On the other hand numerous individuals concur that adolescents are without a doubt affected by originator marks and brands, and I concur with this a lot since it is in actuality a reality, anyway they are not to fault. Numerous youngsters just wear planner brands on the grounds that their companions are as well. They wear it to, well, fit in I presume. Companion pressure has a colossal influence in youthful people’s lives, for example, you. You simply need to fit in and not become that kid who has no feeling of style don’t you? It isolates you; it shows the gap between the rich and poor people, and if you’re fortunate it lifts your economic wellbeing. Moreover the other way young people, for e xample, yourselves are impacted into purchasing just the planner marks and brands is because of the steady impact of famous people who advance these names and brands so as to create cash for themselves. These days numerous youngsters approach the most popular trend through all media. You and numerous others can become casualties of this big name hawking, and at some point or another you can get snared in this design cognizant circle. That is to say, you’re continually going to discover something that’s progressively chic would you say you are definitely not? Clearly you’ll need to stay aware of the most recent style and unavoidably you will inevitably turn into a casualty simply like such huge numbers of others before you. There is one thing that is an advantage of being particular about your garments. By being recognizing about who you purchase your garments from you may simply be accomplishing something acceptable. Simply envision, on the off chance that you purchased that shirt from Primark, at that point what amount would the poor small kids who made that shirt after hard work get paid? Precisely, you know they’ll get hardly anything. However by buying higher brand clothing you are in truth thinking about the moral side of design. You may appear to be befuddled by that announcement; in any case, there is a moral side to everything, including garments. Numerous individuals are critical about the garments they accept as a result of strict reasons. Maybe they need their garments to be long and spread their body appropriately, who knows? It is a likelyâ possibility however that the explanation that we youngsters spend a ton of cash on garments is just in light of the fact that we need, not need them. Tragic to state when solicited 86 out from 100 individuals said that they firmly concurred that adolescents spent an excess of cash on garments considerably subsequent to being given the full picture with regards to why you give so much consideration and cash on your apparel. One individual really said ‘’ Advertisers are misusing youngsters and their longing to conform’’. Considerably in the wake of being told how some youngsters are really following through on these costs to demonstrate to individuals that they are not adjusting a direct result of sponsors, rather, in light of society and how they view adolescents overall age. This was all very diverting really, all things considered, who raised this ‘’Influenced’’ age .Not me.

Workplace Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Working environment Learning - Essay Example The cognizant advancement of the formal and casual learning fronts in work place destinations has finished from the administration definitiveness on the parts of seriousness and also item and market techniques. The improvement has originated from the systems inside which choices are taken in regards to the components of how work is sorted out inside a hierarchical and furthermore how individuals are overseen. (Coombs, P.H. 1985) Various researchers just as different analysts have agreed that the incorporation of different financial and business factors has had a critical bearing on the foundation of the wide parameters wherein openings and deterrents to the useful presence of work place learning get. Research results have prompted places that sweeping rather that prohibitive condition are seen to be expert learning at function just as the combination of individual and authoritative turn of events. Explores into different work environment area elements have finished in the foundation of a hypothetical system that looks to clarify and contextualize the elements around which the way wherein new participants into a profession obtain information and abilities that engage them tackle the difficulties presented by their vocation structures. The component of work environment newcomers has been savored with significant commitments from Lave and Wenger who built up the interlinked precepts of genuine fringe investment just as networks of training to clarify how work environment newcomers (the substantial fringe partakers) create to full member status in a characterized network of training. Watkins, K. E. (2001) agree that the newcomers are seen to hold onto learning as an aggregate social procedure which involves the participation of the tenderfoots with the more experienced work force. In our point of view , the securing of information isn't simply arranged by and by like it were some freely quantifiable costs that just happened to be arranged some place; the obtaining of information in a fundamental piece of generative social practice in the lived-in world. (Lave and Wenger 1991) Lave and Wenger see the arranged learning hypothesis as a basic push for those territories attached to social practice just as that in has commitments to endeavors at conquering what has been called by scholars (Engerstrom 1991) as The epitome of school of learning. Much intrigue that has been finished from the forerunning systems and thoughts on apprenticeship and training has been coordinated to the non-formal or organized environs. The premium has lead numerous researchers to put into examines of working environment learning. Broad Learning has is articulated in Engestrom's model of extensive learning. The push of the hypothetical system is planned for cultivating huge changes at authoritative degrees of elements. the object of sweeping learning is information impartation process in which the students are included. According to the researchers, far reaching learning exercises produce socially new patterns of movement. Further, far reaching learning at work especially produces new types of work movement (Fuller and Unwin 2008, p 129) Basing on the edge work of the sweeping learning

Reading Pathway Oliver Sacks

Reading Pathway Oliver Sacks In January of this year, neurologist and author Oliver Sacks was diagnosed with terminal cancer. He died on August 30th. Gratitude  (2015) puts together Sacks’ final four essays, all originally published in the New York Times, in a beautiful, poignant tribute to his legacy. The first of the essays was written in 2013, before his terminal diagnosis, and the final three were written after. All four deal with the subjects of aging, disease, reflection, and death with Sacks’ signature sharpness and humanity. Sacks was born in England in 1933, received his medical degree from The Queen’s College, and then moved to the United States. He lived first in California and then moved to New York City in 1965 and remained there for most of his life. He is the author of thirteen books that deal with a wide range of subject matter; mostly relating to the patients he interacted with over the course of his career as a neurologist. The New York Times called Sacks a “poet laureate of contemporary medicine.” In the introduction to his book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales, Sacks discusses his own approach to writing about his patients that I think sums up perfectly what is so great about his books: I feel myself a naturalist and a physician both; and that I am equally interested in diseases and people; perhaps, too, that I am equally, if inadequately, a theorist and a dramatist, am equally drawn to the scientific and the romantic, and continually see both in the human condition…” Sacks flawlessly blends the personal and the human with the medical. When reading his books you get a palpable sense of the man’s huge capacity for both scientific curiosity and for empathy. Sacks clearly loves the brain and the patient in equal measure which makes for medical writing that is rich with love, excitement, and compassion. As with any author with a large body of works that spans many years, it can be hard to know where to begin. Here is what I suggest: Start with Hallucinations (2012): For many people, when they hear the term “hallucinations” they automatically think: crazy, schizophrenia, insanity. What makes this book so interesting is that Sacks writes about hallucinations that do not fit this stereotype. Hallucinations are much more common than most people realize and Sacks catalogues and explores an extensive list of causes including sensory/sleep deprivation, injury, disease, epilepsy, dementia, fevers, migraines, intoxication, grief, and loss of vision, hearing, or smell. I suggest that you start with this book because it is the perfect storm of everything that is great about the writing of Oliver Sacks: fascinating, compassionate case histories of patients with a huge range of clinical presentations of hallucinations, thoughtful discussion of the role that hallucinations have played in our culture and throughout history, reflections on what hallucinations teach us about the workings of the brain, and deeply personal acc ounts of Sacks’ own history with drugs and hallucinations. Next, particularly if you liked how Sacks used the subject of hallucinations to teach about the brain and about human nature, read Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007): In this book Sacks explores the brain through the lens of music with his signature combination of storytelling and science. Sacks explores the unique, powerful connection between music and the human brain from a man who is struck by lightning and is seized suddenly with an obsession with playing the piano, to patients who hallucinate music, to people with perfect pitch, to the success of music therapy, to the way that songs get “stuck in your head.” Next, particularly if you are most interested in the case studies in the previous books, read The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales (1985): This collection of case histories is probably Sacks’ best known book. The term “clinical tales” is a great way to sum up this book because each chapter literally tells the story of a patient struggling with a neurological disorder. The stories are all at once tragic, bizarre, and captivating, and, from the man who left Sacks’ office and tried to pick up his wife’s head and put it on as a hat, to the twins who could instantly tell you what day of the week any date in the next sixty thousand years would fall on, to an elderly man who thinks he is still a teenager in 1945, they are all told with sensitivity and insight. Be warned that, as it was written in 1985, some of the language is a little outdated. Next read the book that inspired the movie with Robert DeNiro and Robin Williams, Awakenings (1973): In the mid-1960s while working at Beth Abraham Hospital, Dr. Sacks prescribed a group of post-encephalitic patients L-DOPA, and the results were striking. Suddenly, patients who hadn’t moved in decades awoke and began to talk and walk. However, the “miracle” was not as simple as at first believed, and many patients began to suffer serious and unpredictable side effects. This book is the story of the individual patients who Sacks treated with the drug. The book is thrilling and nuanced, and, as always, patient-focused and full of humanity. Now that you are completely in love with Oliver Sacks, read On The Move: A Life (2015): Published in April of this year, this is Sacks’ autobiography and it is truly incredible in its depth and honesty. Oliver Sacks was so many things at once: a doctor, a writer, a lover of motorcycles and music and weightlifting, a man who was in many respects shy but who conducted deep, passionate friendships, and a person of such absolute energy and brilliance and love. I could not get enough of this book. Sacks’ autobiography is written with candor and humor and is a must-read for any fans of his work. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

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Causes Of The American Civil War - 760 Words

The Civil War was one of the most momentous and pivotal periods in U.S history. After decades of tension between the North and South over matters involving expansion, slavery, and the states rights these caused the beginning of a horrific devastating time known as the American Civil War, that lasted between 1861-1865. Within these 4 long barbaric and destructive years, it led to an innumerous amount of political, social, and economical changes for the U.S. Leaving 2.4 million dead and millions injured it leaves us questioning, â€Å"What caused the Civil War†? The three main causes of the Civil War between the North and South were Battles over political power within the states, the fight for keeping/abolishing slavery, and Economical†¦show more content†¦In document I we see the story of John Brown. Both northerners and southerners were outraged with John Brown and with the all situation which brought attention to slavery. Slavery started to cause disputes and hat red/violence as seen in the quote from Doc I â€Å"outraged mobs assaulted whites who were suspected of holding anti slavery views† this was affecting the colonies and lead to problems. The fight for slavery helped cause the Civil war because it led to disruption and violence within the union, as well as leading up to secession of the south. Another significant cause of the Civil war was conflict between the North and South was Economical problems they went through. The South and North were disparate in terms of their economy. The south relied more on farming and agriculture unlike the North who relied mostly on factories and industrialization. In Document A we see there is more wealth and population in the north, and the cotton industry and slave density depended on the South. Without slavery the economy would go down meaning the South needed the North. In Document B we see that the South Depended on cotton for a vast amount of their money. We can also tell that the North h ad a better economy because of their industry. Using Documents A and B we can see that Economical problems led to the Civil War because The South was very vulnerable without the North, so theShow MoreRelatedCause Of The American Civil War1403 Words   |  6 Pagesdebates on the causes of the American Civil War. Many have stated that slavery was the primary cause for the Civil War. Some historians have argued that there were other causes of the Civil War. The one thing that all historians agreed upon was the division between the North (known as the Union) and the South (known as the Confederacy) that escalated on the soil of the United States of America (In Stampp, 1965). The battle between the two states is what created the â€Å"American Civil War.† The AmericanRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War2672 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ The American Civil War: Causes, Victor, and Validity Keagan Koerber History 205 Professor Childress December 9, 2014 The slightest mention of the American Civil War is enough to bring graphic and often horrifying images into one’s head: mountains of dead soldiers, amputations without anesthesia, and diseases running rampant. The Civil War was a war that no one wished for, it resulted in the deaths of several hundred thousand American lives, but it is often justified by itsRead MoreCauses Of The American Civil War1769 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the most tragic events in American history. The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861 and ended on May 9, 1865. It was a bloody war between states. Hundreds of thousands of men died in the American Civil war. The war was fought between brothers and friends on each side. The issue of slavery was dividing the nation apart and it was a fight to death. The Confederate States of America seceded because they wanted slavery to continue and believed that they did notRead MoreThe Causes Of The American Civil War Essay2218 Words   |  9 PagesDay One: Grades: Elementary grade level 5th-6th Goal: Students will be able to identify the causes of the American Civil War. Objectives: 1. Students will be able to compare the cultures and economies of the Northern and Southern states. 2. Students will be able to summarize the main points of the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Declaration of Causes of the Seceding States. 3. Students will be able to discuss the actions of John Brown at Harpers Ferry and the reaction ofRead MoreThe Main Cause Of The American Civil War1047 Words   |  5 Pagesone main cause of the American Civil war must be resolved, and while there are many ideas, history reveals that there was only one. There are many arguable motives to the start of the Civil War, but there are four main concepts. These four concepts were slavery, taxation, the election of Abraham Lincoln and lastly, struggling with power between the Northern and Southern states. To start with, the end of slavery is undoubtedly one of the most popular arguments to the creation of the Civil War. WhileRead MoreThe Ultimate Causes Of The American Civil War941 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was a war fought within the United States of America between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) The war was one of the most critical events in American history. â€Å"It is estimated that 623,000 soldiers died during the Civil War†(Garrison) starting from 1861 and ending in 1865. While many still debate the ultimate causes of the Civil War, author James McPherson writes that, The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave statesRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences and pride, and set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events. From the co lonial period in America where the institution of slavery began, through the period of the revolution whereby blood was shed to validate the notion that all men were created equal (yet slavery existed in all thirteen colonies), to the era of the Civil War itself, it is undoubtedly clear thatRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesversion of the civil war and even now I am just coming to a full understanding of the truth. The civil war was a terrible rift in our nation, fought between the northern states (known as the union) and the southern states (the Confederate States of America). The people’s opinions were so divided over the issues of the civil war that, in some families, brother was pit against brother. Eventually, the south succumbed to the north and surrendered on April 9th, 1865 but not before the war had caused 618Read MoreEssay on Cause of the American Civil War1732 Words   |  7 Pages The cause of the American Civil War has b een a politicized subject for the past 152 years. There are many different theories for what the main cause is, however the best answer is an all of the above approach. The cause of the war that divided the nation cannot be narrowly defined into a single issue but each cause is affected and tied together. The main causes that resulted in the Civil War were the issue of nullification, tariffs, but most importantly just an overall difference in their waysRead MoreMajor Cause Of The American Civil War1224 Words   |  5 PagesMAJOR CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR I. Introduction to Civil War The American Civil War was a war within the United States of America fought by the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) starting from 1861 and ending in 1865. This war was one of the most devastating events in American history, consuming more than 600,000 lives. It was thought to be one that molded the character of the American individual today. This war was seen as a War for Southern Independence or War of Rebellion for the

Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity Essay

Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity (this essay has problems with the format) Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, human society has had to struggle to adapt to new technology. There is a shift from traditional society to a modern one. Within the last ten years we have seen tremendous advances in science and technology, and we are becoming more and more socially dependent on it. In the Brave New World, Huxley states that we are moving in the direction of Utopia much more rapidly than anyone had ever anticipated. Its goal is achieving happiness by giving up science, art, religion and other things we cherish in our world. It is an inhumane society controlled by technology where human beings are produced†¦show more content†¦There was horrible working and living conditions and huge social problems. Capitalism has caused a wider wealth gap since the rich get richer and the poor gets poorer. People moved from rural to urban areas and individuals are exploited, each molded with the same mask. We grew more and more dependent on techno logy, as it seems to make things more efficient. Huxley sees people are losing more and more of their individuality as they are performing assembly line tasks where rules and regulations are standardized. He saw the threat to man?s independence and freedom and writes this book as a warning. He said, ? Science and technology should be servants of man-man should not be adapted and enslaved to them.? In Brave New World, the motto is Community, Identity, and Stability. It believes it is in the Utopia state, which means ?no place? in Greek. The World State would only tolerate a single political ideology. This system of bureaucracy constructs the community as a whole, where a person is prevented from solitude. The identities of the individuals are invented already before the artificial reproduction, where they are computed to conform. Those who are indifferent and do not follow the rules and regulations are regarded as outcasts. Most important of all, this society emphasizes on stability. In order to prevent conflict, risk and change,Show MoreRelated Fahrenheit 451 And 1984 - The Fear Of Utopia Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Several conflicting frames of mind have played defining roles in shaping humanity throughout the twentieth century. Philosophical optimism of a bright future held by humanity in general was taken advantage of by the promise of a better life through sacrifice of individuality to the state. In the books Brave New World, 1984, and Fahrenheit 451 clear opposition to these subtle entrapments was voiced in similarly convincing ways. They first all established, to varying degrees of balance, the atmosphereRead More Story Summary of Brave New World Essays1457 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brave New World opens in the Central London Hatching and Conditioning Center, where the Director of the Hatchery and Henry Foster are giving a tour to a group of boys. The boys learn about the Bokanovsky Process, which allows the Hatchery to produce thousands of nearly identical human embryos. During the gestation period the embryos travel in bottles along a conveyor belt through a large factory building, and are conditioned to belong to one of five castes: Alpha, BetaRead MoreSTORMS MAKE TREES TAKE DEEPER ROOTS1552 Words   |  7 Pagesspend below your means, behind every adversity is a lesson waiting to sit on your lap and be recognized as a friend and as a teacher. Hardships enable you to walk in the other s moccasins so you can understand better the other person s world. What defines our humanity is our ability to feel another person s pain. It is therefore from hardships that we learn the gift of inter-connectedness and the realization that we are in this together. Invisible scars stem from hardships that you have enduredRead MoreLook Back in Anger as an Extraordinary Play / John Osborne as a Dramatist / Social Issues in Look Back in Anger / Look Back in Anger as a Mouthpiece of John Osborne1613 Words   |  7 Pagesp rovoked a major controversy. There were those, like the Observer newspapers influential critic Kenneth Tynan, who saw it as the first totally original play of a new generation. There were others who hated both it and the world that Osborne was showing them. But even these critics acknowledged that the play, written in just one month, marked a new voice on the British stage. Howard Brenton, writing in the Independent newspaper at the time of Osbornes death in 1994, said, â€Å"When somebody breaks the mouldRead MoreEssay The Myopia of Dystopia3805 Words   |  16 Pagescivilization; humanity has endeavored to attain a sociality in which one can live with freedom, enjoyment, justice, and happiness. It is human nature to see oneself in a place where it is flourishing and enjoyable, and unfortunately that is often elsewhere then where one is; after all isnt the grass always greener on the other side (Eng. Proverb). Countless writers have crafted utopian worlds for the reader to consider and explore and many of those novelists dont deem the modern-day world as the goodRead MoreOrwells 1984 Essay1962 Words   |  8 PagesWarnings in Nineteen Eighty-Four are Irrelevant to a First-World (our) Society Nineteen Eighty-Four (referred to as 1984 from here on) written by George Orwell is a cautionary novel set in a totalitarian society maintained and controlled by the government through censorship, fear, and a total lack of human rights. George Orwell’s novel 1984 depicts what he saw in the society he was living in, and to warn future societies of what he thought the world was headed towards. However, my hypothesis is the warningsRead MoreAnalysis Of Huxley s Brave New World Essay4045 Words   |  17 PagesHistorical information about the Setting: Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931 which was during the Great Depression. The start of the Great Depression was when the American stock market crashed in 1929. Banks started closing and all the savings from the American people simply disappeared like water vapor. This market crash causes a chain reaction that lead to mass unemployment and poverty. On top of all of this, American farmers were not profiting from their crops because of a major drought inRead MoreIs A Perfect Government Possible?1863 Words   |  8 PagesZamyatin brings up one of the more typical themes of a dystopian novel; a perfect government that essentially will not be defeated. While this is typical theme for science fiction literature, could it be done in real life? Stalin, Hitler, Hirihito†¦even the current Russian President Vladimir Putin could come to mind when you think of an all-powerful leader who led or leads an all-powerful nation and dominated other nations. However, unlike the novels 1984 by George Orwell and Brave New World by Aldous HuxleyRead More Global Problems Essay3935 Words   |  16 Pagespolitics are serious and sorely need sane solutions. Thus far no possible reasonable solution for them has been offered. No one has any clue as to any solution. It is better to discuss the problem-situation in general than to wait for someone to come up with a possible solution. How, then, can we contribute towards a relieving t he current major global political crisis? This paper makes two rather obvious presupposition. First, survival is always on the top of any political agenda. Second, there isRead MoreEssay about Analysis of A Clockwork Orange2423 Words   |  10 Pagesnovel is a satirical, frightening science fiction piece, not unlike others of this century such as George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four or Aldous Huxleys Brave New World. However, the conflicts and resolutions in A Clockwork Orange are more philosophical than social, and its message is far more urgent. A Clockwork Orange is made up of three parts containing 21 chapters, 21 being the official age of human maturity. It is a stream-of-consciousness novel about, most fundamentally, the freedom

A Raisin In The Sun Essay Racism Example For Students

A Raisin In The Sun Essay Racism In A Raisin in the Sun, Hansberry portrays obstacles that the Younger family and other African Americans had to face and over come during the post World War 2 era. Obstacles that had to be over come by the Youngers were economical, moral, social, and racist obstacles. Lorraine Hansberry, the author of the play had to face one of these as well growing up. Born in Chicago on the south side in an all black neighborhood, Lorraine Hansberry and her family had to deal with segregation. Moving to a white neighborhood in Chicago, her family had to deal with threats of violence and legal action. Her father defended the case successfully all the way to the Supreme Court.(sparknotes1) Her parents were well known in national black culture and political circles, which probably sparked her to latter become a reporter and editor for the Freedom, a black newspaper in Hansberry relates her life situations through her play by having the Younger family deal with a similar circumstance. In the play Lena Younger or better known as mama, receives a 10,000-dollar check because her husband had past away. She decides to buy a house in Clybourne Park, which is an all white neighborhood. After finding out a black family is moving to Clybourne the so-called Organization Committee sends out a Mr. Lindner to welcome the Youngers. He doesnt do much welcoming but rather trys to discourage them and make them back out of their plans on The four main characters in the play all deal with other obstacles as well. The other main obstacles are economical, social, and moral. Lena Younger or mama, is the head of the household. She works in other peoples kitchens as a cook. She probably works for very little but she puts her daughter through college. Im sure she would rather not be working for someone basically as a slave or for very little money but she accepts her job because of the time period that she was raised in. In my time we was worried about not being lynched and getting to the north if we could and how to stay alive and still have a pinch of Walter Younger is the son of Lena. He is a chauffeur for a rich white guy. He dislikes his job, and wants to buy a liquor store, with the 10,000 dollars his mother is collecting. He thinks if all black people tried there own thing like opening a liquor store then they Ruth Younger is Walters wife; t hey have 1 child named Travis. Ruth does the same work as Lena does. I think Ruth probably dislikes it more then Lena because of the ages, but Ruth accepts it because she knows their poor and Beneatha Younger is the daughter of Lena. She is a straight edge type. Shes the only one in the Younger family to go to college, and she shows it to with her educated speech. She talks a lot about her heritage and how every one should know about where they came from. Economically in the play Beneatha has to deal with the lose of her school money that her brother loses. He puts it in the trust of one of his friends hoping to start the liquor store, but his friend runs and her medical school money is Loraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun dealt with real life conflicts that were truly happening at the time she lived in. She didnt write the play to grab any one, especially white peoples attention, but to educate everyone on what was happening in the segregated areas. Bibliography:

20 Topics for a Domestic Violence Research Paper to Discuss the XXI Century Problems

20 Topics for a Domestic Violence Research Paper to Discuss the XXI Century Problems When a professor assigns you a paper to write, you might be given the option to choose what you want to write about. Other professors will give you a broad topic, such as domestic violence. This means that you can choose a smaller category within the overarching topic. This is easier said than done. Deciding on an essay topic can be one of the hardest parts of the entire essay writing process. You have to make sure that your idea has plenty of research and information that you can include in your paper. A strong topic with good evidence makes for an easy research paper. If you need to write a research paper on a topic related to domestic violence, take a look at these topic ideas: What Role Does Today’s Economic Situation Play in Domestic Violence? Recent Efforts in Domestic Violence Prevention Plans Why Is Intimate Partner Violence Currently One of the Leading Causes of Domestic Violence? Domestic Violence in Same-Sex Relationships How Are Family Members Affected by Intimate Partner Violence? How Have Government Solutions for Domestic Violence Improved Over the Past Decade? The Connection Between Economic Abuse and Domestic Abuse Long-Term Effects of Domestic Violence on Millennial Victims What Types of Technology Are Available for Noticing and Reporting Domestic Violence Situations? Negative Impacts on Children Who Witness Domestic Violence in Their Homes or in Movies Up-and-Coming Treatment Options for Domestic Violence Victims What Kind of Role Does Social Media Play in Domestic Violence? How Does the New Rise of Feminism Help or Hinder Domestic Violence Progress? Is the Stigma of Men Being Abusers in Domestic Violence Situations Changing? How Does Violence in Current Films Influence Domestic Violence Statistics Today? Are Current Laws Against Domestic Violence Being Enforced? What Needs to Be Changed for Better Regulation? Is There a Connection Between Domestic Violence and Violent Video Games? New App Development for Domestic Violence Rescue Situations Current Domestic Violence Statistics and Treatment Options Around the World What Is the Current Correlation Between Domestic Violence and Social Status? Those are some of the best topics that you can use for a domestic violence research paper. You can choose just one or combine a couple of the ideas to create your own topic. These themes can spark new ones as well. Maybe they highlight an area you hadn’t considered exploring! To get more ideas to disclose in your paper, have a look at 10 facts about domestic violence that could come in handy to hook the audience. Sample Essay: Domestic Violence in Same-Sex Relationships With same-sex relationships and marriages on the rise, some questions have arisen, especially relating to the structure and roles within the relationship. People on the outside often wonder which heterosexual relationship challenges occur in same-sex relationships. This uncertainty can sometimes lead to confusion and misconceptions, specifically in domestic violence situations. Though it may seem as if domestic violence only occurs in heterosexual relationships, it is just as prevalent in same-sex relationships in various ways and for several different reasons. Firstly, it is necessary to realize that every relationship, regardless of its members, has a different structure. These various roles can influence who might be in control in a relationship or how responsibilities are distributed. These factors apply to couples of all types. Because of this, a power struggle can always become a possibility and may result in domestic violence. Often, the control continues to rule over the relationships. In these situations, the victim feels trapped and cannot safely escape from a threatening relationship. The control can be too much for the victim to handle, or they might feel like they cannot speak up about their lack of voice in the situation. This is true no matter the partners are of the same sex or not. Secondly, same-sex couples are the subject to all of the same challenges as heterosexual couples. There are family problems, work issues, personal struggles, and more. Certain relationship types do not protect people from these natural difficulties. One major contributor to domestic violence and abusive situations is often an economic status. Again, it is important to note that this can happen to any person or couple, regardless of any other demographics. Financial and economic issues lead to tension and arguments in some cases. This can, then, progress to violence. These events usually arise in lower-income homes, but that is not always true. While low-income homes are more susceptible to domestic violence, there are still plenty of well-off couples who experience violence within their marriage or relationship. Having enough money and resources is not protection against abuse. Thirdly, it is critical to mention that there are fewer abuse treatment options available for those in same-sex relationships. Homosexual individuals are not necessarily excluded in these places, but there is no clear mention of them being welcome. This can also be true of male domestic violence victims. Most of the time, treatment is geared toward women who are leaving abusive situations. Because of this, homosexuals of all types, and men as well, can feel excluded. There is a stigma surrounding domestic violence that pairs getting help with weakness. In general, this is one of a few things that keeps men from seeking out help. This can appear in homosexual partnerships too. Additionally, it is important to consider who the abuser is in same-sex partnerships. There should be equal treatment opportunities for all people, regardless of their gender or their place in a relationship. Sometimes, if a female is abusing someone, there will be little to no sympathy. This also contributes to the action taken on the issue. In lesbian relationships, bouts of domestic violence might be seen as a catfight. This misinterpretation of the potential violence leads to unresolved problems. A woman is doing the abusing does not delegitimize the entire act of violence. In conclusion, there are more than a few important aspects of violence to consider specifically in the same-sex relationships. Most of these issues arise in heterosexual relationships as well, but they are not often recognized in the same way. This can be displayed through fewer treatment opportunities or issues that involve victims being taken less seriously. These include things like power struggles and gender roles that are present in all types of relationships. References: Estes, M. L., Webber, G. R. (2017). â€Å"More Closeted Than Gayness Itself†: The Depiction of Same-Sex Couple Violence in Newspaper Media. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626051773627. doi:10.1177/0886260517736271 Hamilton, G. (n.d.). Current Issues in Domestic Violence. Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://www.calsouthern.edu/content/articles/psychology-articles/current-issues-in-domestic-violence Pearlman, D. N. (2003). Neighborhood Environment, Racial Position, and Risk of Police-Reported Domestic Violence: A Contextual Analysis. Public Health Reports, 118(1), 44-58. doi:10.1093/phr/118.1.44 Renzetti, C. M., Miley, C. H. (2014). Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships. London: Routledge. Savage, C. (2010, June 10). Gay Couples Gain Under Violence Against Women Act. Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/us/politics/11gender.html Stiles-Shields, C., Carroll, R. A. (2014). Same-Sex Domestic Violence: Prevalence, Unique Aspects, and Clinical Implications. Journal of Sex Marital Therapy, 41(6), 636-648. doi:10.1080/0092623x.2014.958792 Wasarhaley, N. E., Lynch, K. R., Golding, J. M., Renzetti, C. M. (2016). The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Legal Perceptions of Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(5), 635-658. doi:10.1177/0886260515586370

Using the Spanish Verb Deber

Using the Spanish Verb Deber The Spanish verb deber is quite common and can be used to express obligation or that something that is likely.   Key Takeaways: Using the Spanish Verb 'Deber' The everyday verb deber is most often used to express that someone has a debt or is obligated to do something.The phrase deber de can be used to indicate that something is highly probable.In the preterite, deber is used to indicate that something should have been done. Expressing Obligation When used in this way, deber is frequently similar in meaning to the English must, should, or ought: Debes estudiar tus lecciones. (You ought to study your lessons.) ¿Quà © carro debo comprar? (Which car should I buy?)Alguien deber hablar de todo esto. (Someone will have to talk about all this.)No debe dormirse despuà ©s de comer. (He shouldnt go to sleep after eating.) The tone of deber to express obligation can be softened by using the conditional form instead of the present tense, although the difference isnt always translatable. When telling someone what he or she should be doing, using the conditional can come across as more polite: No deberà ­as abrir un blog si vas a hablar de temas personales. (You shouldnt start a blog if youre going to talk about personal subjects.)La Fuerza Aerea deberà ­a comprar mejores aviones de combate. (The Air Force should buy better combat planes.)Hay 25 libros que deberà ­amos leer antes de cumplir los 30. (There are 25 books we should read before we reach our 30s.) Expressing a Debt When used with a noun direct object, deber can usually be translated as owe. No me debes nada. (You dont owe me anything.)El gobierno le debe ms de $3 millones a mi madre. (The government owes my mother more than $3 million.)Siempre te voy a deber el haberme levantado cuando tan abajo estaba. (I am always going to owe you for having lifted me up when I was so low.) Expressing Strong Probability The phrase debes de is used to refer to a strong likelihood. In such cases, it is often the equivalent of the English must when must isnt used to express obligation: No debiste de firmar nada. (You must not have signed anything.)Debo de ser anormal. (I must be abnormal.)Deben de estar en buena condicià ³n. (In all likelihood, they are in good condition.) It is very common in some areas, especially in speech, to drop the de in sentences such as those above. However, out of context, doing so would make the sentences ambiguous. Thus while ​debà ­as de verme can mean only you must have seen me, debà ­as verme can mean either you must have seen me or you ought to have seen me. In that case, you would need to know the context to understand what was meant. On occasion, in some regions, you may hear deber de to express obligation. However, this usage is frowned upon by grammarians and should not be imitated if you are learning the language. Using Deber in the Preterite In the preterite tense, the rough equivalent of the simple past tense in English, deber can be used to indicate that something should have been done. Son las palabras que no debiste decir. (They are the words you shouldnt have said.)Pedro debià ³ pedir disculpas a sus empleados tras la difusià ³n del video. (Pedro should have asked for forgiveness from his employees after the video was broadcast.)Debà ­ ver que esto iba a ocurrir. (I should have seen that this was going to happen.) Phrases Using Deber These are among the common phrases using deber: Deberse a (owing to, due to): El aumento de las enfermedades crà ³nicas se debe a nuestro estilo de vida. (The increase in chronic illness is due to our lifestyle.)Cumplir con su deber (to do or fulfill ones duty): Complà ­ con mi deber de votar. (I fulfilled my duty to vote.)No deberse a nadie (to be answerable to nobody): El presidente no se debe a nadie - salvo a todos los ciudadanos de todos y cada uno de los estados. (The president isnt answerable to anyone - except for all the citizens of each and every one of the states.)Sentido del deber (sense of duty): No puedes decir que me falta el sentido del deber. (You cant say I lack a sense of duty.)

Is War Against Terrorism Moral And Has It Done Things Better Or Worse Essay

Is War Against Terrorism Moral And Has It Done Things Better Or Worse - Essay Example This essay stresses that the Christians the world over were in a state of bother and tension so as to find out the real reason why the world had stood up against them and were hell bent upon destroying them. It would not be wrong to state at this point that Christians all over the world were vocal and carried out large processions as to encourage the US government and its allies to take steps to counter these very attacks. A number of wars and fights started in the wake of War on Terrorism and it sparked off a number of controversies as to the real reasons for starting the same on countries like Afghanistan and Iraq. This paper makes a conclusion that the war on terror has brought a change in the way the world is being run. The different governments have to take one or the other side in this whole muddle. The need is to understand who the winner is and who the loser is eventually. More than that, the governments have to seek ways in which they could counter the pressures that are exerted by the US regime from time to time. For third world nations, this becomes an issue of immense importance since they are already stuck in one problem or the other, add to that the pressure meted down by the US authorities every now and so often. War on terror is not a war on the poor yet oil rich nations, it is a war for the benefits of the super power of the world, which it wants to win no matter what happens.

Ethics and special need kids Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics and special need kids - Research Proposal Example On the other hand, the same case applies to the perception of African American teachers towards white students and the course is the same. According to Oates (2003), positive disposition of teachers towards students tends to yield good results on the performance of the students. However, in the history of the U.S, there has been a notion that the African Americans have academic inferiority and that they lack diligence to perform. In another dimension, such notions have rendered the African Americans a low self esteem motive that makes them have a negative attitude about themselves in regard to their academic performance. Generally, although the African American students have equal opportunities in classroom in public schools, their performance is greatly affected by the context of their race and teachers’ perception (Oates, 2003). Conversely, the general place of African Americans in the American society also plays a critical role in explaining why the students cannot perform well in class. For instance, the perception that African Americans cannot secure good jobs in the U.S greatly affect their class performance because there is no guarantee that even after completing their studies they would get employed. Focusing on kids with special needs, it is apparent that the issue of racial discrimination fuels. ... In this regard, the perception of teachers towards African American kids with special needs is that their parents are incapable of taking care of the kids and that is why they are in their current conditions. For instance, a kid who cannot afford three daily meals tends to lack capacity to contemplate what they are taught in class. Mostly, such a kid comes from African American families. In another dimension, the perception by teachers that African American kids cannot perform better than the white kids has also played a key role on the continued underperformance by the kids. In light of this, teachers tend to focus most of their attention to white kids. A study conducted by Neal, et al (2003), found out that white kids are accorded much attention that African American students. For instance, teachers concentrate on areas they did not understand more compared to when it is the African American kids that raise the issue of lack of contemplation. Dee (2006) pointed out that, teachers p erceptions independently affect and influence academic performance via self-fulfilling beliefs and perceptual biases. In addition, if teachers are pleasant towards a certain student, they provide them with more effective and favorable instructions. The same case applies to situations where pleasant students portray poor problem solving skills, teachers guide them in a way that easily encourage them to develop good solving skills. This is centrally to situations where unpleasant students portray the same skills, teachers put little effort to encourage or correct them. In fact, Gay (2002) postulated that performance of students is in the mind of the teacher. They tend to evaluate students performance based on their perception about the students. In light of this, it is

Research on Immunology in Pregnancy

Research on Immunology in Pregnancy Investigative Review Nichole Gale The systems controlling the implantation and acceptance of the genetically and immunologically foreign fetus within the maternal body have often been likened to that of an organ transplant, or the growth of a cancerous tumour. The fetus is ‘like a transplanted kidney’, in the way that it is ‘genetically different from the host’ and ‘must evade immune defences to avoid rejection’ (Quinn 1999). The fetus inherits ‘foreign paternally derived histocompatibility genes’, meaning that ‘there is close contact between two genetically disparate individuals’ within the maternal body (Warshaw 1983, p63). Thus, the fetus is often referred to as an allograft, an allograft being a ‘graft transplanted by an individual that is not genetically identical, but of the same species’ (Marieb 1998, p789). The subject of fetus acceptance and tolerance within the maternal body has triggered great interest and controversy, and the sy stems that allow the acceptance of the fetus are complex and varying. Internal gestation has involved ‘a wide range of adaptations of animals for retention of young within the body of the parent’ (Warshaw 1983, p63). The human immune system includes many ‘cellular patterns that constantly exchange information’ to provide the body with the ability to ‘recognise foreignness or â€Å"non-self† in the form of antigens that enter our body’ (Warshaw 1983, p200). The recognition of antigens spark the inflammatory response, which must act with ‘minimum damage to the host’, in order to ‘eliminate the intruder’ (Warshaw 1983, p200). ‘Antigens are expressed by early human embryonic tissue’ (Loke 1978, p5), so it could be expected that the early human embryo would trigger an inflammatory response to rid the mother’s body of the ‘foreign body’. The exposure to non-self paternal antigens on the fetus ‘requires the adaptation of the maternal immune system to prevent the rejection of the allogeneic fetus without compromising the ability of the mother to fend off infection’ (Koch Platt 2003). The immune system consists of an innate (humoral) and an adaptive (cellular) component, in order to combat potential pathogens. It has been suggested that the main immune response triggered by the fetus is the adaptive response, where there is antigen representation, followed by response instruction by Helper T cells (Quinn 1999). In normal pregnancy, progesterone suppresses the humoral response. This has been used to explain why some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis that are under humoral effect, often improve during pregnancy (Quinn 1999). Early work on immunological tolerance, conducted by Medawar, has been the foundation of further studies regarding the paradox of pregnancy. Medawar proposed three mechanisms that might together act to allow immune protection of the fetus. Two of Medawar’s earlier suggested mechanisms have since been proved to not actually ‘pertain during pregnancy’ (Aluvihare, Kallikourdis Betz 2004). The first hypothesis was that there was ‘segregation of the fetal and maternal circulations’, or that ‘a barrier might form between the mother and fetus, preventing exposure of the maternal immune system to allogeneic antigens expressed on fetal tissue’, leading to immunological ignorance (Koch Platt 2003). Medwar’s second hypothesis referred to the immunological immaturity of fetal tissue, and this allogenic immaturity acting to suppress the ‘expression of antigens that the maternal immune system might recognise as foreign and target for dest ruction’ (Koch Platt 2003). More recent research has tended to focus on Medwar’s third hypothesis, ‘that the maternal immune system somehow ignores potentially immunogenic fetal tissue’ (Aluvihare, Kallikourdis Betz 2004). Leading from this, there has also been much focus on ‘the means of inducing immune tolerance, the emergence of T cell suppression in mediating peripheral tolerance, the mechanisms mediating matererno-fetal tolerance and the role played by regulatory T cells in mouse and human pregnancy’ (Aluvihare, Kallikourdis Betz 2005). Koch and Platt (2003) suggest overlapping mechanisms such as ‘the formation of an anatomical barrier between mother and fetus, lack of maternal immune responsiveness, and a lack of expression of allogenic molecules by the fetus’ to account for the lack of fetal rejection. These mechanisms can help in beginning to understand how rejection is avoided, yet do not ‘completely explain how the fetus evades the maternal immune system’ (Koch Platt 2003). Harding and Bocking (2001, p238) state that it was originally proposed that the maternal-fetal interface was perhaps ‘an immunologically privileged site’, or that there was a ‘generalised suppression of maternal immune response’. Recent studies have challenged earlier theories such as these, and it has since been found that not only is there actual recognition of fetal alloantigens by the mother’s immune system, but that her body also responds to them. Fetal cells can be detected in maternal circulation, and ‘fetal tissue expresses MHC class I and class II and is antigenically mature’ (Aluvihare, Kallikourdis Betz 2004). MHC are major histocompatibility complex proteins coded for by genes. Class I are found on virtually all body cells, whereas class II displayed only by cells that act in immune response (Marieb 1998). The understanding of the immune events and mechanisms occurring at the maternal-fetal interface are likely to help in the understanding of the ability of the fetus to survive within the maternal body. Since Medawar’s proposed hypotheses, much focus has continued on fetal immune evasion mechanisms. As well as the three mechanisms above, suggested by Medawar, Koch and Platt (2003) explore a fourth mechanism, site-specific suppression. This refers to ‘local suppression of maternal immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface’ (Koch Platt 2003). ‘Localised suppression at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy negates the need for systemic immunosuppression which could threaten the well-being of the mother’ (Koch Platt 2003). Earlier studies suggested that trophoblast acted simply as a barrier between the mother and fetus, but it now seems that perhaps that it could have ‘diverse immunoregulatory properties controlling immune recognition, activation, and effector functions’ (Koch Platt 2003). It has been proposed by various studies that T cells play a major role in sustaining pregnancy. T cells are lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity. ‘T cells with regulatory functions are potent suppressors of T cell responses and can protect tissues from T cell mediated destruction’ (Mellor Munn 2004). Observations in experimental pregnant mice have shown that while pregnant, they tend to ‘overproduce a kind of T cell that reins in other immune cells that might target the fetus’ (Seppa 2004). In one study, conducted by immunologist Betz (Seppa 2004) it was found that ‘pregnant mice have double to triple the number of CD4+ CD25+ T cells, also called regulatory T cells, in their blood, spleen, and lymph tissue as do female mice that are not pregnant’. It has also been shown that in humans, levels of circulating CD4+ and CD25+ cells ‘increases progressively at each stage in human pregnancy starting from the first trimester’ (Mello r Munn 2004). It has been ‘demonstrated that Tregs (T regulator cells) have a key role in regulating maternal effector T cell responses to fetal alloantigens’ as maternal effector T cells seem to ‘pose a potentially lethal threat to the developing fetus in the absence of regulatory function mediated by maternal Tregs’ (Mellor Munn 2004). It has also been speculated ‘that hormonal changes during pregnancy might provide one explanation for enhanced maternal Treg development during fetal gestation because pregnancy-associated hormones, such as progesterones, promote immunosuppression’ (Mellor Munn 2004). In regard to the suppression of maternal immunity, it is still ‘unclear if Tregs directly or indirectly inhibit effector T cell responses to fetal alloantigens’ (Mellor Munn 2004). To further test the cells’ effect on pregnancy, 30 female mice were mated with males. 15 out of the 30 mice had fully functioning immune systems, whilst the other 15 mice lacked the regulatory T cells. While a slightly higher than normal number of healthy female mice became pregnant, none of the mice lacking T cells were able to become pregnant. It seems that the role of T cells remains unclear, but that further understanding ‘of the role of regulatory T cells might also lead to new treatments for suppressing rejection of transplanted organs and inhibiting autoimmune reactions, in which a persons immune cells attack his or her own tissues’ (Seppa 2004). Mellor and Munn (2004) also suggest that the revelation that ‘maternal Tregs might help protect the developing fetus’ will have various implications, not only the possibility of offering alternative therapies to suppress immunity, but also possibilities for ‘improving pregnancy success rates in p atients with problematic pregnancies’. Again, the effect of T cells on autoimmune diseases is referred to by Mellor and Munn (2004), ‘increased systemic Treg function might explain why some autoimmune syndromes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, go into remission during pregnancy’. There has also been some discussion on the role of macrophages as immunoregulators of pregnancy. It has been claimed that most attention has focused on immune tolerance to the invading trophoblast and fetus, but Mor and Abrahams (2003) suggest that it is also important to ‘consider the function of the maternal immune system in the promotion of implantation and maintenance of pregnancy’. During implantation, apoptosis is necessary for ‘tissue remodelling of the maternal decidua and invasion of the developing embryo’ (Mor Abrahams 2003). It has been sited that apoptosis is active in the ‘trophoblast layer of placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies throughout gestation, suggesting that there is a constant cell turnover at the site of implantation necessary for the appropriate growth and function of the placenta’ (Mor Abrahams 2003). During implantation and invasion, it appears that a large number of macrophages are present in the maternal decidu a and in tissues close in proximity to the placenta. Originally it was thought the large numbers of macrophages were ‘to represent an immune response against the invading trophoblast’. Mor and Abrahams (2003) propose that this may not be the case, and that ‘macrophage engulfment of apoptotic cells prevents the release of potentially pro-inflammatory and pro-immunogenic intracellular contents’. Trophoblast cells carry proteins that are antigenically foreign to the maternal immune system. If these proteins are released as a result of cell death, it could initiate or accelerate immunological responses, ‘with lethal consequences for the fetus’ (Mor Abrahams 2003). Therefore, the appropriate removal of the intracellular components by macrophages may be critical for the prevention of fetal rejection. Mor and Abrahams (2003) conclude that the ‘field of apoptotic cell clearance is beginning to flourish, and many questions remain unanswered’. There is not just one mechanism involved in the immune regulation of pregnancy, but ‘multiple, diverse mechanisms that are likely sequential during gestation’ (Koch Platt 2003). As humans have a much longer gestation period, and a more invasive placental anatomy, it is sometimes difficult to test in laboratory animals and apply results to humans, as there may be different mechanisms. But it is believed that mechanisms involved with the fetus can be utilised in the studies of rejection following transplantation. As Koch and Platt (2003) suggest, ‘knowledge of the immunoregulatory mechanisms of both the fetus and stem cells will help immunologists understand general mechanisms of tolerance and immune evasion, and will prove invaluable in the fields of organ and cellular transplantation’. It has been suggested that both studies in stem cells and fetal rejection can benefit each other and help in understanding of systems involved. Pregnancy has also been said to have overall effects on the mother’s immune system and maternal defence against organisms. According to Creasy and Resnik (2004, p103) ‘numerous reports indicate that pregnant women have increased susceptibility to a variety of infections’. It is said that ‘there appears to be a trend toward increased susceptibility to viral infections, consistent with suppressed cell-mediated immunity and a relative decrease in Th1 (humoral/innate) responses during pregnancy’ (Creasy Resnik 2004, p103). However, it also added that ‘more recent carefully analysed data do not indicate that maternal immunity is substantially impaired, and most pregnant women are able to adequately respond to most infectious diseases’ (Creasy Resnik 2004, p103). Harding and Bocking (2001, p238) also claim that most studies tend to suggest that ‘maternal cell-mediated immunity is unchanged during pregnancy’. According to some experts, infertility, recurrent miscarriage, premature delivery and preeclampsia may all be linked to immunological abnormalities. It could be that some of these problems are due to ‘defective generation of Tregs during pregnancy’ (Mellor Munn 2004). It is possible that methods involving in vitro expansion of Tregs could help in treating spontaneous immune disease syndromes. Koch and Platt (2003) also suggest that both adult and embryonic stem cells might use mechanisms similar to the fetus in avoiding rejection. ‘Future discoveries in the field of reproductive immunology will help us understand not only immune regulation during pregnancy, but also how immune responses towards organ and cellular transplants might be controlled’ (Koch Platt 2003). References: Aluvihare, V., Kallikourdis, M., and Betz, A. 2004 ‘Tolerance, suppression and the fetal allograft’. Journal of Molecular Medicine. [Online], vol. 83, no. 2, pp 88-96. Available from: Medline. [11 October 2005]. Creasy R. Resnik R. (ed.) 2004. Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 5th edn., Saunders, Philadelphia. Harding, R., Bocking, A., (ed.) 2001. Fetal Growth and Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Koch, C. Platt, J. 2003 ‘Natural Mechanisms for evading graft rejection: the fetus as an allograft’, Springer Seminars in Immunopathology, [Online], vol. 25, no. 2, pp 95-117. Available from SpringerLink. [7 October 2005]. Loke, Y., 1978. Immunology and Immunopathology of the Human Fetal-Maternal Interaction, Elsevier Horth-Holland Biomedical Press, New York. Marieb. E., 1998. Human Anatomy and Physiology, 4th edn., Addison Wesley Longman, California. Mellor, A. Munn, D. 2004 ‘Policing pregnancy: Tregs help keep the peace’, Trends in Immunology. [Online], vol. 25, no.11, pp 563-565. Available from: Medline. [10 October 2005]. Mor, G. Abrahams, V. 2003 ‘Potential role of macrophages as immunoregulators of pregnancy’, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. [Online], vol. 119, no.1. Available from Medline. [11 October 2005]. Quinn, T. (1999), Immunology in Pregnancy; The Fetal Allograft, [Online], SIU Medical Library. Available from: http://www.siumed.edu/lib/ref/ppt/immunpreg/> [20 September 2005]. Seppa, N. 2004 ‘Some T cells may be a fetus’ best friend’, Science News, [Online], vol. 165, no. 8, p125. Available from: Proquest. [11 October 2005]. Warshaw, J. (ed.) 1983, The Biological Basis of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., New York.

James Arthur Baldwin :: Biography James Baldwin Writers Essays

James Arthur Baldwin James Arthur Baldwin was born the first of nine children during 1924 in Harlem. His father, David, was a clergyman and a factory worker, and was the source of all of James Baldwin's fears. Baldwin's mother, Berdis, was a homemaker. Baldwin first started writing around age fourteen as a way of seeking the love which he was missing from his family life. During this time Baldwin attended Frederick Douglas Junior High School and DeWitt Clinton High School. During his school years, Baldwin won several awards for his writings. The joy that he felt from having others praise his work was overshadowed, however, by his father's disapproval of his non-Christian-oriented writing. James Baldwin's father was a very religious Christian who forced the church on young James. For a few years (from ages fourteen through seventeen), Baldwin was even a preacher. It was the bittersweet beauty of the church which Baldwin said turned him into a writer. Those few years of lost herding opened James Baldwins' eyes to the fact that he was in need of soul searching. Those years would not be in vain; the cadences of black religious rituals sound throughout his writings. Baldwin was also known to credit his years at the pulpit for morphing him into the writer he was to become. In 1942 James Baldwin was fed up with his father, fed up with the church, and (at that point) fed up with his life. The brassy, young Baldwin went into a restaurant, which he knew was designated for whites only, and demanded that he be served. When the waitress informed him that they did not serve his "kind" in that restaurant Baldwin picked up a glass and hurled it at her with all his pent up spite for the world. (That was the last straw for James Baldwin, he knew that he needed to leave his home since childhood for new experiences, and did so that very same day.) With a high school diploma under his belt James Baldwin moved to New Jersey and began working as a railroad hand. After two years in New Jersey, Baldwin moved to Greenwich Village. There, he first met Richard Wright (an African-American author whose strong protests against racial prejudice made him one of his generation's most important spokespersons) and began his first novel, In My Father's House. It was not until four years later that James Baldwin began to receive recognition, such as awards and fellowships, for his writings.

“Review of AIDS and Stigma’ by Gregory M. Harek

The current literature as of 1999 is reviewed regarding the stigma that attaches to people with AIDS (PWA’s and people with HIV (PWHIVs).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stigma† refers to discrimination and prejudice directed at PWAs and PWHIVs as well as those people associated with them or caregivers for them.This stigma has resulted in firings, evictions, and other forms of prejudice to people with AIDS and HIV. The existence of stigma has had a bad effect on the response to the AIDS crisis and could have a continuing affect on the various policies designed to assist PWAs and PWHIVs.Surveys throughout the world and specifically in the United States have indicated a negative attitude towards PWAs and PWHIVs by a significant majority of people.There are several possible reasons for the stigma. Many people believe PWAs and PWHIVs got the disease by their own actions and behavior. Others fear contracting the disease from any contact with PWAs and PWHIVs.Then there is the stigma associated wit h any disease considered that cannot be cured followed by the fear of contracting a contagious disease. Finally is the stigma associated with diseases or conditions affecting the victims’ outward appearance and capability.The stigma of AIDS has an impact on a personal level and with society and public policy.   For example, many people with AIDS or HIV do not get tested for fear of the stigma attached to the disease.In society the negative attitude has and continues to have an effect on public policy and public health issues and legislation. However, the situation has changed over the years with education, and with continued education discrimination and prejudice towards PWAs and PWHIVs will further decrease.I like this article for several reasons. It is well written and organized. It is written in a style and manner which is easy to read for the average student.There is no specialized language or information presented. Additionally there are no graphs or tables of statisti cs or lengthy quotations or references to other work. There is no detectible bias in the article. It is a very relevant topic today as much as it was when written. It is very thought provoking and informative regarding a variety of issues.The issue of stigma can have a very strong affect on the individual reader, as it has had on me. Unfortunately AIDS has spread to the point where more and more people know of someone afflicted with the disease or know someone who has been directly affected by the disease.With this increase comes the awareness of the stigma associated with PWAs and PWHIV, and the likelihood that someone we know has suffered from discrimination or prejudice.There is an â€Å"association† effect as well, when there is a similar prejudice, discrimination or fear of people who take care of or are related to PWAs and PWHIVs. The information presented in the article cannot help but make the individual aware of the issue if he or she is not already familiar with the disease, and adds knowledge to those who are familiar with it.Additionally, it makes the individual, and me, question whether or not I harbor any prejudice or discrimination and if so how I exhibit it. This article is very good at making me look past myself to broader issues, as well as to look inside myself for attitudes I should question.I particularly like the method in which the causes of stigma are presented. It is particularly helpful in examining whether or not I believe in any of the reasons or use them as an excuse. It is also helpful in realizing the fallacy of many of the reasons.The first reason presented seems very irrelevant, as regardless of how someone contracted AIDS or any disease should have no bearing on attitude, although for many people religious belief may be a factor that cannot be easily ignored.The second reason, fear of contracting the disease, was a personal fear of mine until I became aware of the fact that it cannot be contracted by casual contact. Com mon sense tells us that we are probably around PWAs and PWHIVs daily without knowing it, and there has been no cases caused by casual contact.The third and fourth reasons are the ones that I have the most difficult time with, as I have always been uncomfortable around people with life-threatening or terminal diseases, or people who obviously show outward signs of the disease.I believe many people have this discomfort, and probably always will, as it can be very difficult to interact with such strong issues â€Å"in the background†. However, what is important is to keep the discomfort into becoming a prejudice or source of discrimination.I really liked the article because it is hopeful. It has taken a very difficult and depressing topic but presented it a manner which gives optimism to the issue. It does this by making the reader aware of the reasons, and on reflection, realizes all of the reasons can be lessened or removed with awareness and education.It has made me more awar e of a very significant issue in society today. It has also caused me to reflect on my personal attitude and actions. It has clearly presents a thesis and evidence in an easy-to-read manner.I like it because it stresses how common and damaging prejudice and discrimination is, and the role of education in overcoming prejudice, which is important not just for PWAs and PWHIVs but for everyone. Finally, it is an article I can use as reference to anyone who can benefit from the information or may be interested in the issue.Works CitedHarek, Gregory M. â€Å"AIDS and Stigma†. American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 42, No. 7, April 1999. 1102-1112.

Is Freedom Mere License or Wisdom to Choose What Is Right for Oneself - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 985 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Freedom is the right to make important decisions for yourself and your family without coercion or fear of retaliation. Freedom is the right to take advantage of the various opportunities out there in the world to better your life. Freedom is the right to express your opinion and fight for what you believe in, as long as you do not bring harm to anyone with an opposing point of view. â€Å"Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains† said Rousseau. This statement of his inspired the romantic poets like Shelley and Keats to glorify individual freedom. It also paved the way for French Revolution and the American War of Independence. Now the question is what actually freedom is? So to understand the true principles of freedom, one must understand the scope of the word. Freedom means capacity to exercise one’s own choice or free will and act upon it. It is nothing but the condition of being free of restraints and the right to unrestricted use or full access to many privileges which one is entitled to. Freedom is the right to make important decisions for yourself and your family without coercion or fear of retaliation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Freedom Mere License or Wisdom to Choose What Is Right for Oneself?" essay for you Create order Freedom is the right to take advantage of the various opportunities out there in the world to better your life. Freedom is the right to express your opinion and fight for what you believe in, as long as you do not bring harm to anyone with an opposing point of view. The true meaning of freedom can be defined as the right given to an individual, when he has the right wisdom, to do what ever he wishes to do but with a care that he does not dominate the wishes and desires of other person. So freedom doesn’t mean that one can do anything he wants to do or have everything he wants to have. Freedom has its own limitations. A G Gardiner’s essay â€Å"On the Rule of the Road† clearly justifies this statement. A fat lady was moving in the middle of the road saying that she has the freedom to go as she likes. The bus driver said he would run his bus over her. This example shows that one’s freedom should not interfere without another freedom. Similarly, a child is free to go to lessons or play because that is his own affair. We cannot dictate him to do anything which he does not wish to do. He is at liberty to decide what to do and what not to do. But at the same time he has no right to blow a trumpet when others want to study or sleep. So freedom does not mean license for the child to interfere with others freedom. In other words, freedom is the ability to make choices, regardless of the consequences, as long as the consequences do not affect anyone around us. The dictum â€Å"Live and Let Live† contains a very sound advice. We must tolerate others, refrain from interfering with others and reconcile ourselves to the ways of living of others. One should not try to impose one’s own ideas and modes upon others. When we believe in freedom we should also believe in the freedom of others. Everyone has the right to decide how he should behave and lead his life. Every individual is different and hence we cannot expect uniformity in the modes of our lives. We should respect the way of life of our others just as we expect them to respect our own way of life. One cannot lay laws about freedom and license. License means excessive freedom or permit and free from restraint. So license is freedom to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practices especially in behavior or speech. Freedom over-extended turns into license. When it comes to freedom and license there is no Bible or Encyclopedia to consult any final authority. The boundary of giving freedom and license has to be judged by the individual parent. For instance, though we believe in giving freedom to our children still we curb their freedom at times because never to say no is to bring up a spoiled child who will be incapable of facing the realities of life. Such a kid will grow up to expect the world to provide everything he wants. Freedom and the limitations on freedom are both needed to live peacefully. Freedom is synonym of license which means restrictions. Absolute freedom cannot be achieved because when you take away limitations you take away a freedom. But at the same time, without rules governing our society, people would be able to do what they want to each other with out fear of punishment. It is the fear of punishment which restricts or checks the crime rate and so absolute freedom should not be given to anyone in the interest of the society. So freedom with some restrictions is absolutely essential as freedom coupled with some limitations promotes development of an individual who will be enriched with wisdom. And wisdom is experience, knowledge and common sense together, along with the power of applying them. It is the ability to think and act wisely. Wisdom is not taught in school and it cannot be bought. So a person who has wisdom does not jump to rash conclusions, but makes an educated decision based on the information or intelligence provided. When freedom and wisdom are clubbed together it means freedom of choosing what is right for us. On the whole, it may be said that equating freedom with license is highly absurd. Freedom stands for creativity whereas license spells doom and disaster. Freedom leads to wisdom which stands for moral values of life. In short, freedom does not mean license, but the wisdom to choose what is right for one self which makes him a better responsible citizen. 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