Speech against Animal Testing

Now ladies and gentlemen, I would like you guys to have a think about this, without animal research, how long would it take for us to have a breakthrough in order for us to survive through small pox, rabies, malaria or any other severe diseases that had occurred in the past. If it weren’t for animal testing, we wouldn’t be all sitting here, enjoying our lives. Thank you all for listening. 0 In the case of using primates in animal testing, the National Research and Medical Research Council has stated, ‘Some biomedical research is best undertaken on primates in order to allow the greatest relevance to understanding health and disease in humans. ’ A PHD student from the University of Sydney, Swetha Murali, is working in a neuropharmacology lab researching about the development of novel therapeutics for treating chronic pain. Murali also raised a number of concerns and argued, ‘The first three are not alternatives at all. These animal dealers must be lice nsed by the United States Department of Agriculture and must adhere to Animal Welfare Act standards of care. Both dealers and research facilities can obtain dogs and cats only from specified sources and must comply with detailed record-keeping and waiting-period requirements. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture conduct surprising inspections of dealers and research facilities for agreement to help ensure research animals are not missing pets. ’ 6They don’t actually lead to the development of novel treatments, just a better understanding of the efficacy of existing ones. Meanwhile the last two are already commonly used in most labs, but prior to and in conjunction with work and animals. ’ Murali has also stated that ‘and as powerful as modern computers are, there’s still simply no comparison – the idea of successfully simulating the complexity present in organism- level biological systems is a pipe dream at present. â€⠄¢ 9 My third point would be that there is no suitable and reliable substitution to animal testing.It has been reported that there are situations, where there are no viable alternatives to animal testing in order to enlarge the research of treatments to assist human beings from suffering a wide range of diseases. This has been brought up by the National Health and Medical Research Council which stated, ‘Animal experimentation remains crucial to a proportion of the funded research design to find better ways of preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and there are many situations where no alternatives exist. 7 The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science stated that, ‘While some research requires that dogs and cats are used, the vast majority of laboratory animals are rodents specifically bred for research. Nearly half of the dogs and cats needed for research are also bred for that purpose. Since state laws and local policies prevent many animal pounds an d shelters from providing dogs and cats to research facilities, animal dealers are the primary source for the other half of the animals scientists require. ’ 5Good morning teachers and fellow classmates. Today I will be presenting my point of view towards the issue of animals being used in testing and research. Animals such as mice, rats and primates are used in the further research for the sake of us human beings, either health or cosmetic wise, and also tested on animals to make sure they have no life-threatening side effects. This act has being carried out for years, and to abolish it now would be a real shame and it’ll bring an end to the further advancement of human health. I assume that most of you guys think that animal testing will involve big needles injecting into those little cute, furry rodents. But I assure you, it’s not. It has been stated that the procedure throughout the whole testing will keep the animals’ distress to a minimal. Also the people who are involved in this project are all animal lovers, which mean that they aren’t doing this for enjoyment, but for the health of the greater well. As they say ‘Good science and good animal welfare go hand in hand’. In the UK, the experiments that were carried out have been classified as mild, moderate or substantial. In December 2001, licensed experiments that happened in the UK were: 39% mild, 55% moderate, 2% substantial and 4% that are unclassified. Judging from these statistics, it is shown that very few experiments have caused substantial suffering to the animals tested. This also leads to my second point. Many of these animals that were killed in animal testing were specifically bred for this purpose. 3These animals would not have been alive at all if they weren’t needed for animal testing. Also keep in mind that they were bred under humane conditions, which means, they had the right amount of nutrition to be healthy and also in an environm ent that were close to home for them. In certain parts of the world, purposely-bred animals were not available, and in these cases, animals that were used must be obtained through licensed and regulated dealers that meet standard criteria where it was suitable laboratory research. 4

Lifespan Perspective Paper

Lifespan Perspective Paper Introduction This paper will discuss lifespan development and the theories associated with the study. Humans develop according to phases throughout their lives and this paper will address these phases and what to expect and when. People learn from mistakes made in the past and apply these lessons in order to improve their quality of life. The psychodynamic and evolutionary theories will be examined in detail. Also, the significant role of nature and nurture will be addressed.Lifespan Perspective of Development Lifespan development describes the growth that happens from the time an organism is conceived to the time of its death. A human undergoes a variety of changes throughout their lifetime: psychologically, physiologically, spiritually, and socially changes all occur. A mere fetus develops heart beat at around six weeks and from that point on, develops quickly over the remainder of the pregnancy. Each step in life people develop, little by little.Lifespan development provides us with the information necessary to understand the different phases of human life and with this information we are able to better understand what to expect from each phase (Berk, 2012). For example, children often fear the dark and require a night light to sleep, but overtime, this insignificant fear becomes less and less of a concern and eventually most children are able to sleep just fine without a night light. When a child realizes there is nothing to be afraid of, like there are not any monsters under the bed, he or she is able to sleep without the security of a night light.Understanding lifespan development is crucial and allows us to grasp the phases of life. And also, understand children and their needs for security and comfort. Young children often relay on the comfort of a pacifier or a blanket to calm them down or make them feel safe. Parents are able to understand their children and their needs with the help of lifespan development studies and thus, parents feel like they are able to be better mothers and fathers. There are four recognized phases of human lifespan. One, childhood and adolescence; two, early adulthood; three, middle adulthood; four, late adulthood.Natural progressions are expected to occur as a person ages. The study of lifespan development is important because it explains how and why people develop and what reasonable expectations should apply during this process (Berger, 2008). Lifespan Development at Work The study of lifespan development is significant factor in understanding the subject and provides people with many answers and has the ability of preventing people from repeating past mistakes. Over the years humans have monitored history and have used their research to prevent making similar decisions of the past that did not work out like they were intended to (Carson, 2000).For example, sunscreen is used to protect our skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays and ultimately, decrease the possibilities of skin cancer. Before the importance and knowledge of sunscreen was available people did not know the true dangers the sun presented and mostly did not protect their skin accordingly. As a result, many people who spent a lot of time outdoors in the 1970’s and 1980’s had a significantly increased rate of skin cancer. Many of these skin cancer victims did not know the dangers the sun presented and how wearing sunscreen could have decreased their risk.If this knowledge was readily available at the time it is almost guaranteed that a large percentage of these people who have worn sunscreen and possibly eliminate their chances of skin cancer all together. Now the threats of sun damage are widely known and discussed and there are a variety of sunscreen-type products on the market for consumers (Berk, 2012). People have learned from past mistakes that the sun does present dangers and can be harmful to our skin so it is important to wear sunscreen and take other appropriate precautio ns.Lifespan development is purposed partially on extending the life of man and as a part of that jaunting task, survival is required. Humans learn from mistakes that have been made in the past, as a part of their challenge to survive. Skin cancer kills some of its victims and therefore, the knowledge that skin cancer presents is crucial and allows people to take the appropriate measures to cut down their risks. This is one simple example of how people learn from history and use inventive ways to improve the future with the information acquired (Carson, 2000).Theories of Lifespan Development: Psychodynamic Behavioral, cognitive, contextual, evolutionary, humanistic, and psychodynamic are the six widely accepted theories pertaining to lifespan development psychology (Berger, 2008). Both Eric Erickson and Sigmund Freud did expansive studies on the psychodynamic theory. In Freud’s studies he focused on the inner being of a person and the unconscious forces that create personality and behavioral traits. His beliefs are that events, like memories and feelings that occur inside of us help motivate our personality and the way in which we behave.Memories are usually positive or negative and conflicts arise from negative memories and thus, creating a feeling that something should not be repeated in order to avoid a negative outcome. The psychodynamic theory focuses on three aspects of human personality: ego, superego, and id. Along with personality, this theory focuses on psychosexual development as well (Carson, 2000). Theories of Lifespan Development: Evolutionary The Evolutionary Theory of lifespan development is another interesting take on the study originally theorized by Charles Darwin and Konrad Lorenz.This theory focuses on evolution and how it specifically relates to human lifespan development. Over the years, a process of natural selection takes place and as a result humans adapt to their environments. Traits are acquired and sometimes altered by specie s in order to thrive. Darwin and Lorenz focus on how heredity influences development and how behavior is a result of our genetic inheritance. Studies that are connected with this theory show a relationship between family members and certain diseases and illnesses (Berk, 2012). For example, mental illness often runs in family histories and can be tracked through heredity.Heredity and the Environment Nurture versus nature is a discussion commonly associated with lifespan development. Environmental factors play a role in how a person develops, but heredity is passed down through a process of inheritance. A child may be born into a poverty-stricken home and raised to live in fear. A socioeconomic situation like this can lead to a life of crime in order to make ends meet. This environment has significant affects on the development of a person, but environments can be changed, if a person is willing to take the necessary steps.Now if a child is born into a family with a history of mental illness the child has a chance of developing a related illness (Berger, 2008). For example, if the child’s mother has schizophrenia and the child demonstrates symptoms of the disease at an early age and eventually is diagnosed with the disease, this is an act of nature. It is possible to earn a degree, get a better job, and move up to a middle class area, but it is not possible to undo heredity and no longer be schizophrenic. Nature and nurture both play a significant role in lifespan development and have equal importance in the lives of people (Carson, 2000).Conclusion In conclusion, lifespan development describes the growth that happens from the time an organism is conceived to the time of its death. Throughout these years, people develop in phases that can be observed as a result of the study of lifespan development (Berger, 2008). Human beings have learned about the different phases of development and have discovered new ways to do things to guarantee a higher quality of life. Watching history and mistakes that were made in the past are one of the ways the human species thrives and is able to withstand the test of time (Carson, 2000).The psychodynamic and evolutionary theories explain specific thoughts associated with lifespan development (Berk, 2012). Nature versus nurture is controversial debate that can be seen all throughout the study of psychology and many characteristics humans develop References: Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed. ). New York, NY: Worth  Ã‚   Publishers. Berk, L. E. (2012). Infants and children: Prenatal through middle childhood (7 ed. ). Allyn & Bacon. Carson, R. C. (2000). Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. Retrieved June 25, 2012, from,http://www. abacon. com, p85.

Extra Tax on Fast Food Essay

Nowadays people always are overweight or obese. A big reason of this is unhealthy food like a Big Mac, Hamburger etc. Too much of any of those can cause serious health problems which a lot of people of the world today suffer from. The real problem is why are people making these choices? It’s simple, unhealthy food is cheaper than healthy food in many cases. Is it a good idea to introduce a fast food tax, or do unhealthy food observe to remain cheap and free of extra tax? To start things off, I will refer to this unhealthy food as â€Å"fast food†. One problem with fast foods is that they are low in satiation value. That is, people don’t tend to feel as full when they eat them, which can lead to overeating. Another problem is that unhealthy food tends to replace other, more nutritious foods. When people are snacking on chips and cookies, they are usually not loading up on fruits and vegetables. Already you can tell this is quite a problem, but it can be reduced to some degree if we raise the taxes on fast food. If the taxes are increased then people will be opted to buy healthier foods such as vegetables or other nutrient rich foods without added sugar or sodium. They will no longer be more expensive than the cheap, unhealthy, fast food. This in essence, will reduce the amount of unhealthy food that people will ingest. Another point is that the extra tax on fast food will saves lives. Heart disease is the second most common cause of death. Many lives could easily be saved. As well as saving lives, reducing obesity will also improve the quality of life. The argument against a extra tax on fast food is that those on low incomes are more likely to consume unhealthy foods, therefore this tax will increase inequality. However, if a tax on fast food saves lives, we should not avoid implementing it just because it is the poor who will mostly benefit. If we are really concerned about the impact on equality, the revenue from a fat tax can be targeted to the benefit of the poor. A increase in inequality need not occur from a fast food tax. Who is the government to tell people what to eat? If we want to eat salty and fatty foods then let us eat this. The whole point is people are still free to consume as much salty and fatty foods as they like. All in all it can be said that it is an unfair tax because fast food is bad for people who suffer obesity, shouldn’t mean that everyone who enjoys the quick, cheap service fast food offers. People who are in a hurry or people short on cash may find fast food an ideal service, but if it is taxed due to obesity, then it will also affect people who aren’t obese.

The Immensity Of The Collision Between Cultures Essay

The Immensity Of The Collision Between Cultures - Essay Example The sages say that the past is not really real, that it is just all in the mind, thoughts, that have no reality in and of itself. From experience, I can say that I am more a product of my choices and my own personal history rather than my cultural heritage. I have always been my own person, distinct from another, in the same way, that even my closest friends are different from me, and defined by their own choices, even though we grew up together and share many things in common. Growing up, there was no question that I can be my own person and that I can even make decisions on who to befriend and what I did with my free time, within limits. I was even free to choose what I wanted to study and what career I would pursue. My tastes in clothes and in music have always been my own. Even my choice of friends is something that was, is up to me. All of these are encapsulated in my present, and my present circumstances alone shape all of these choices and decisions, unhampered by any past or cultural tradition or heritage. This seems so contrary to what Kingston’s family in China, and the young unmarried people in their community, were used to. Their restriction and bowing to tradition seemed to be the norm, and going against the dictates of the community meant becoming ostracized and forgotten. Yet in another sense, we human beings need some kind of grounding in the past. If there is no past then a man in a way is also a kind of ungrounded animal with no social dimension at all. The past roots us to social history, and cultural history as well. In this social aspect and cultural aspect of our lives, we relate to others, and others relate to us, in the categories that they also define themselves in. In the context of American society, this is clear.

Relationships Between Inequality and Industrialization Research Paper

Relationships Between Inequality and Industrialization - Research Paper Example Weber (72) argues that transformation in modern society has contributed to varied changes; thus, he emphasizes on the work ethic. He asserts that capitalism is nowadays common in society, and this is associated with capitalism in society. Many people in developed nations have become capitalists because of industrialization. Capitalism is associated with issues of inequalities because the rich tend to be richer, whereas the poor remains to be poorer. The industrialists face the problem of inequalities when trying to employ a pre-capitalist workforce. The labourers spend less time in the production process, in the capitalist society, but this displaces many people in the workplace because of the use of machines; thus rendering many of them jobless. The capitalism in the industrialized society arises because of rational decisions for economic advantage. In the proletarians and communism theories of Marx, he reveals that inequalities arise due to different social classes in society (Marx par.1). These classes struggle with their competitors to achieve independent existence. The same phenomenon contributes to the division of labour, which can only be eliminated by the ownership of property and labour itself (Marx par 4). The division of the labour process is common in contemporary society. This arises because of increased industrialization process; thus creating personal powers into material powers. Hence, the issue of communism is essential because the community plays significant roles in the abolition of labour division.

Proposal and contract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposal and contract - Assignment Example The company adopts a diverse multi-channel market strategy that aims to offer to clients a unique shopping experience with ideal pricing and a vast selection of goods and services (systemax.com). The company provides industrial equipment and computer supplies to other companies and businesses in North America through its company website, corporate sales teams and vividly detailed catalogues. The company’s technology product department focuses on Information and Communications Technology as well as Consumer electronics such as tablets, laptops, desktop machines, related accessories and software. Its consumer electronics products range from surveillance equipment, cell phones, toys, video games as well as other electronic accessories. Its industrial products are categorized under maintenance, repair and operations equipment and includes an array of both goods and services such as electrical and bulbs; plumbing supplies, fans, safety and medical items, storage, shelving, packaging and supplies among others. However, technology products account for the bulk of the company’s revenue. The company markets its products to both individual and business clients. Business clients consist of educational institutions, government agencies and corporate businesses mostly within the North American region

Astronomy123 assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astronomy123 assignment2 - Essay Example All this was proved during the study of the Milky Way Galaxy. The astronauts believe that the things that exist in the universe are all within the perimeters of our galaxy. With the measurements, the galaxy is proved to be of a 300000 light years in diameter. This also was proved that the sun was not at the center. The galaxy also had spiral nebulae that was seen by the use of the telescopes and the clouds which were just like gases were seen in the Milky Way. In his points, he argued that the Milky Way was large as the star clusters. The distance between the clusters was 13m and they were all of the same size. This made him to know their actual distance and said that the objects diminished in size as the distance within them increased. The clusters also had a halo on the other body of the galaxy making the galaxy to be 300000 light years in diameter and the sun was 50000 light years away from the sun. He believed that the spiral nebulae was within the galaxy’s boundaries and he came up with a theory that the spiral were formed from the late solar forming systems. This confirmed that the galaxy is the one which forms the entire universe. 3. The discovery of the microwave background was explicit by the fact that Europe had a sociological problem and it was in a disastrous war. Since the war were also to be extended to the United States, the discussion of the theory was not possible because of the disaster. The discovery was to be discovered after the end of the Second World War but unluckily, the world recovered very slowly until in the year 1952 when the discussion was discussed at the IAU meeting although the files had been

System Analysis and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System Analysis and Design - Essay Example Failure to display them could result to a loss of customers to her immediate competitors thus resulting to the loss of a chance to increase her sales or it may also make the customers unable to deduce whether she may be selling the product that they need. In order to solve this issue within a minimal space that her store has she makes use of a limited storage space within the back of her store to stock a few extra product quantities so as to dodge running out of stock. This may be said to call for her employees’ help in restocking shelves often when need arises. Carol may also be said to have suppliers who make deliveries within a particular time scheduled by her and them; they may be said to be her store’s only opportunities to obtain supplies; thus there might be a need for a timely order of products. All these, in our view, could be extremely tedious and costly since she might often be forced to employ workers to help in the arrangement of goods within the display sh elves. The key objective of this project may be to implement an effective DBMS, which would enable Carol: To keep an accurate product inventory, whether on display or within the store room; To alert Caro or her employees in case there might be need for a restock of the display shelves with goods from the store room, then later updating the inventory with the restocked amount; To making a preparatory timely placement order from every supplier; Business benefits and recommendation The primary business benefit that needs to be enjoyed from the use of the new system is for Carol’s store to maintain its level of competitiveness within the market at low costs. Other intermediate benefits may include: Improved record keeping Cut down on the errors brought about by the manual order processing Reduce the levels of staffing within phone-order and mail-order processing Cause increment of turnover through the tracking of popular items’ sales as well as slow movers. Efficient movem ent of products from the store to the display shelves thus resulting to more sales due to the consumer awareness created. Timely delivery of goods from suppliers, which would in turn result to an efficient flow of goods to consumers thus cutting down on deficits The creation of new channels of marketing as a result of efficient display and timely supply; After the review of the planning process, it could be recommended that the system be implemented. This could be because the cost incurred in its development may not exceed the advantages enjoyed by the store together with the community at large immediately the employee training process and the installation process are complete. This may be because it can be considered cost effective yet advantageous. System capabilities An extremely new and fresh Database Management System would be implemented, installed and further maintained. In order to ensure that the business benefits are obtained: This database would be sure to make a provisio n that may track as well as update information on inventory when products ought to be delivered, moved to the display shelves from the store room, sold or even entirely removed from the inventory. The database would also be able to make a provision of information about the products stocked within the store every time new supplies are made. This may, therefore, provide Carol with a perfect opportunity to make timely orders, effective displays as well as

Stem cell research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem cell research - Term Paper Example Stem cell research is divided in to embryonic stem cells, cord blood stem cells and adult stem cell research (Freedman, 2007). The adult stem cells are taken from the bone marrow, brain and spinal cord while cord blood stem cells are taken from newborn’s umbilical cord. The third is the most controversial embryonic stem cells that are taken from the embryo and thus leading to the death of the embryo since the embryo comprises mainly stem cells (Forman, 2008)). Accordingly, totipotent stem cells can differentiate in any form of cell while unipotent stem cells have unlimited reproductive capabilities and can only differentiate in to single type of tissue or cell (Freedman, 2007). In this paper, I will argue that stem cell research is essential research since its findings lead to medical advancements that can be used to cure complex diseases and disorders thus improving the overall quality of life in the society. Proponents of stem cell research assert that it has demonstrated the capability of regenerating all body areas and repairing damaged body tissues thus curing degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and cancer related complications (Freedman, 2007). In addition, the field of study is holds key to reversing the negative impacts of ageing process thus it is critical in prolonging life and ensuring high standards of living among populations (Forman, 2008). The proponents counter the argument that stem cell research leads destroying innocent young life by claiming that the embryo does not have the psychological, emotional and physical properties associated with human beings before it is implanted in to the uterus. It is follows that the embryo lacks the criteria for personhood and thus has not any interests that should be protected and is why it should be used for the future benefit of those who meet the personhood criteria (Freedman, 2007). Accordingly, some biological

If you could choose to live in any world you wanted to, what would Essay

If you could choose to live in any world you wanted to, what would that world be like - Essay Example These issues would not be allowed within my own world as I believe these in essence mar the basis of development and growth amongst humans. My world would be different in the fact that it will have a more adequate space for understanding one another. There would be openness amongst people and camaraderie all round so that bitterness would not make the rounds of one another’s minds. People would be forthwith in their dealings and there would be respect for the elderly and love for the young ones. In short, my world would entail a character of its own making. It will make us all proud that we could actually live in harmony without any such issues coming to the fore. My world would have economic relief for everyone. There would not be problems for the people who are less affluent and the ones who essentially cannot afford to buy the most glamorous products on display. The economic well-being of the people would take into account their spending patterns, the manner in which they could afford their true basis within the complexities of life and in essence their salaries, which they get from their respective jobs and undertakings. The rich would not get richer by the day and same would be the case for the poor people within this world. In fact there would be an open ground for the rich and the poor to link with one another and thus interact on a level playing field. Similarly, the government of the time within this world would comprise of individuals who are honest with the masses, have proven track record of doing things right and are known to be steadfast in their respective areas of strength. Citizens will have a say in the affairs of the govern ment so that there is accountability from top to bottom and no such issues of treating people in an undignified manner come to the fore. The middle aged adults would be encouraged to join politics so that they could give somewhat constructive back to the society. One should believe that this is a very enticing

Viruses vs. Windows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Viruses vs. Windows - Essay Example I would also turn on the windows update option in order to receive security updates for his/her windows. I would recommend my neighbor to install an antivirus application and update it on a regular basis. I would not recommend him/her to use a free version of the above-mentioned antivirus applications because they are sometimes unable to deal with dangerous viruses. Licensed applications provide reliable security to the files stored in any machine. I would recommend my neighbor to use Avast antivirus application because it has eight effective real-time shields that protect the system from viruses, as well as consumes fewer system resources as compared to other antivirus applications. My last recommendation for him/her would be to avoid opening junk emails and suspicious internet links because they are likely to contain viruses. Both of these antivirus applications run very well on the Windows XP. I would also turn on the windows update option in order to receive security updates for his/her windows. I would recommend my neighbor to install an antivirus application and update it on a regular basis. I would not recommend him/her to use a free version of the above-mentioned antivirus applications because they are sometimes unable to deal with dangerous viruses. Licensed applications provide reliable security to the files stored in any machine.

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example for Free

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Michael Billington, theatre critic for the Guardian, asked whether there is any reason to revive a play which seems totally offensive to our age and society (6 May 1978). With particular reference to the final scenes of the play, explore the ways in which a modern audience can respond to Shakespeares presentation of the relationship between Kate and Petruchio  To many desultory observers The Taming of the Shrew may be conjectured as being profoundly misogynistic, an intolerable illustration of female subjugation in 16TH Century England. However in my opinion this is a far too superficial and perfunctory observation. The Taming of the Shrew displays enough ambiguity in its readings to support differing interpretations of its meaning and demonstrates its relevance to modern society. It is clear that ones own evaluation of the plight of Kate is an integral part of whether one finds the play offensive or not. On face value the shrewish Kate is tamed by the cruel, exploitative Petruchio who uses her fathers wealth as his only reason to embark on their marriage; a marriage she despairingly tries and fails to resist. He embarrasses and degrades her, culminating in the final scene where Kate openly relinquishes her independence; grovellingly placing her hand under Petruchios foot and lectures the other women about what should be their traditional servant role within marriage. However such superficial interpretations fail to consider the strong possibility of the presence of dramatic irony in Shakespeares writing, that their marriage is in fact one of partnership. Fiona Shaw, a contemporary Shakespearean actor, offers this interpretation by commenting her vision coincides with his Kate and Petruchio were rebels and would remain rebels forever1. Indeed it has been argued that Kate actually tames Petruchio by seemingly bowing to his requests: Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper,  Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee (ACT V SCENE II 145-6) Superficially this may seem a submission, but it is possible to see the irony in Kates words. After all, at the time of writing, the head of state or the sovereign was Elizabeth I, therefore the aforementioned quotation symbolises a direct ironic attack against the patriarchal concept that Kate seems to be urging. Kates final speech could be categorised as a capitulation if its reader was without any idea or contextual knowledge about Kates complex character because much of its content is derived from sources used in the Elizabethan Church such as the Book of Homilies and The Instruction of Christian Women. However, it is certainly conceivable that it could be interpreted as a subversive manifesto. Kates flattering of Petruchio through her references to his brave naval background seems to appease him, yet it is she with the soft and smooth body. Petruchio maybe stronger in the physical sense, but it is he who has had to work harder in life and will work harder in marriage if Kate has her way. H.G. Goddards comment that everyone knows that the woman can lord it over the man as long as she allows him to think hes lording it over her supports this view, even if this comment is as equally facile as Kates taming a tribute to the ambiguity of the play. Textual evidence also configures with the doubt over whether Kates plight parallels with the doctrines of the Renaissance writers who fundamentally endorsed a patriarchal social hierarchy with the female subject to the orders of their husband or father. Lucentios final line Tis a wonder, by your leave, she will be tamed so emphasises the notion of scepticism over her sudden changed behaviour and that indeed she may have colluded with Petruchio in order to win the wager. The short time-scale of the play casts doubt over whether such a character as strong as Kate could really be tamed so emphatically. Indeed the feminist critic Germaine Greer has argued that the play is not a knockabout farce of wife-battering, but the cunning adaptation of a folk-motif to show the forging of a partnership between equals2, emphasised by Petruchio in the final scene finally acknowledging their alliance -well be to bed we thee are married, but you two are sped. It is Kate who is indeed shrewd enough to realise that she must appease Petruchio if she is to be able to forge a happy marriage with him. This is after Hortensio reminds Kate say as he says, or we shall never go a clue about the possible consequences if she continues her resistance. This is not a submission, but a clever ploy by Kate who realises that if her marriage is to progress from a state of extreme discomfort she must forge a partnership.

The Uk Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Uk Tourism Industry Tourism Essay This report looks at the strategy evaluation of the UK tourism industry to be implemented. Firstly, the paper provides the background information to the UK tourism industry issues within the last few years. There is depicted a place of tourism industry in the United Kingdom regarding the economy and law regulations. Moreover, the paper determines the current issues of improving this kind of industry. The role of Visit Britain is indicated as well because it is the crucial tourist organisation that enables the UK to hold its position along with the competing markets and sustains the country to be the leading international attraction for tourist, proved by the seventh rate place in the world for visitor quantity. Hence, every year Visit Britain runs its promoting campaign to accomplish the key objectives of increasing and maintaining the level of the tourist industry inbound and outbound, such as to enhance the quantity of tourists for a period after Olympic Games drawing the precise attention to the Chinese tourists. In order to achieve those goals there are a few issues of the tourist industry indicated in this report. The section dedicated to the target group focus, namely the UK visitors, analyse the main features of encouraging tourists, especially Chinese, to this kind of industry, declared by the UK government as the leading key objective. Some of them are to investigate and analyse the obstacles that occur therewith to ease an extent of making the country more accessible and affordable. Moreover, the report offers the possible suggestions for such issues. In addition, the paper analyses product presentation in campaign put on market by Visit Britain and the country government for a period before the Olympic Games. The report determines pros and cons of this campaign, and consequences appeared in the framework of its application. Importance of the UK competitive markets is briefly drawn. The key point is to evaluate the statistics of visitor quantity and spend in the UK and other competitors. The strategic options and suggestions are provided in the report as the main markers of increasing the tourism industry in the UK. Introduction Tourism industry is regarded as the essential market sector in the United Kingdoms economy. A lot of strengths and efforts have already been given to attract the home and foreign visitors to visit the countrys spectaculars, especially the Olympic Games 2012, hence, the UK government is dedicated to engage even more visitors and gain more profits. Visit Britain is the one of tourist organisations that creates and implements the special measures for increasing the UK popularity among tourists. Methodology In order to collect information for the report analysis the electronic and written sources were applied. This information generated was mostly obtained from the market reports and statistics provided by the tourist organisations, such as Visit Britain, Institute of Travel and Tourism, Tourism Alliance, Tourism Management Institute, Tourism Consultants Network, Office for National Statistics and International Euromonitor. The data collected has been analysed and evaluated in order to formulate the strategic variants and recommendations. There were applied a few analytical schemes, such as Porters competitive position model. The information provided was managed in this report. Evaluation of Findings According to the Tourism Alliance Tourism for Growth (2009)à Ã‚ ± the United Kingdom has a great potential for improving the economy and condition, such as employment availability, from the tourism industry. As a proof of the above mentioned was issued the major study Economic Contribution of the Visitor Economy: UK and the Nations (2010) that states there is a wide space to develop domestic and inbound types of tourist industry up to  £58b (3,5%) within the next decade. Moreover, the Visit Englands English Tourism Strategy provides the depiction of the possible potential increase in the tourism value: In addition, there is the possibility that the outbound tourism rates in the UK will heighten at the same pace, the tourism value could be up to  £400b within the next decade. Thus, such situation would accumulate an evaluated 700,000 additional workplaces in all sectors of the UK. This sets the important fact that the revenue gained from this activities will be distributed among cities, towns and rural plots, described in the diagram as follows (Economic Contribution of the Visitor Economy: UK and the Nations (2010)): Tourism is regarded as the sixth largest industry in the UK bringing to  £105b income every year. The main sectors of the tourism industry in the UK are hospitality, attractions, events, visitor transport, education and tourism services. For the period, when there is the Olympics promoting campaign of the UK tourist organisations, the extent to which this campaign is successful is shown in the table provided by Visit Britain corporate website: It is considered to engage the Chinese visitors into the UK which can be explained only by the reason that the development of India and China makes those countries the possible target for worldwide tourism. The government of the United Kingdom clears out the situation by stating the will to start the GREAT campaign, at first in these countries. The product presentation over the years has gradually changed its position according to the Tourism Policy Report (2009) where is depicted the table of the most competitive countries in years of 2007-2009: Key Issues The information gathered in the report assumes the following issues identified: The inability to keep up with international competitors for attracting customers from countries with substantial population due to strict visa regimes The insufficient level of providing service performed by tourism organisations Tourism industry does not always correspond to the requirements of green living and sustainability Strategy Options The first key strategy task is to make improvements of competitiveness internationally. According to the information, within 2010-2011 the product competitive status in the UK domestic tourism has decreased. The reason for this was stipulated by the Government that has increased Air Passenger Duty, VAT and visa charges, while some competitive countries have lowered the same prices. For instance, a four-member family form China will have to pay at least  £600 for a visit to the UK in comparison with  £200 to the countries of Schengen zone (Report 2011, 7 p.). Moreover, the parallel of prices for accommodation and catering between the UK and other competing countries is twice as much. In such a way, the UK economy suffers a lot and loses the valuable income. Thus, tourists will count for the charges and those with low and medium income would prefer to use cheaper countrys tourism. To increase the competitiveness with other tourist countries, the following main options should be tak en into account and implemented as soon as possible by the UK government: The government should be in touch with the charges reduction in other competitive countries, and it should make everything possible to lessen VAT on tourist services. Moreover, when the government should take into account the average European rate, and if it lowers, they should take some measures to make the tourism industry more attractable and profitable. The government should make the visa process easier and make the application guidance forms better. They should also take a notice of constraints and limiting conditions about visa accessibility and any other rules and regulations. The government should support the aviation by helping tourists ease the procedure in an appropriate way. The second key strategy task is to decrease the poor and excessive regulation level. In fact the organisations of tourism industry are under heavier pressure than any other UK sectors. Hence, the Tourism Alliance conducted a thorough analysis about the preferable legislative changes. With help of the UK government the tourism organisations, especially SMEs, will have the greater opportunity to create jobs and accumulate their development. In order to relieve the impact of the poor and excessive regulation level, the possible key options may be taken into consideration: The creation of the Tourism Regulation Task Force will follow all requisite regulations in implementing the empirical, cost-effective and profitable measures. The sector as the tourism industry should be seriously considered as the vital source for the economy improvement by the new and altered legislation. The third key strategy task is to enhance the level of quality and skills. As the customer needs and beliefs about the tourism services are always rising, the level of providing such services should be high. It is considered that the developments in the workforce training and education are necessary if the UK is willing to hold its positions in the world market. Although it is the liability of the organisations that provide the tourist services on the local level, there are also some regulations and rules submitted only by the government. In most cases it is connected to the no public financing. Moreover, the difference between the big businesses and the small ones are pretty obvious as the former may afford the staff training while the latter may not. The possible main options may be as follows: To engage small tourism businesses into the estimated revenue from the Olympics Games 2012 To monitor whether the self-financing quality schemes follow the demand of tourists and whether the small organisations of the tourism industry correspond to the regulatory standards. To ensure organisations of the tourism industry in the UK in the fact that tax incentives will provide the high quality of the products offered. The fourth strategic task is to develop and increase a level of sustainability although the tourism industry is already such kind of institution. It assists and supplies any kind of services that is in demand, and sometimes the level of environmental impact is neglected. Hence, the tourism industry should be examined on keeping the appropriate level of sustainability. The possible strategic options may be the following ones: To assist programmes that enable the organisations of the tourism industry run more environmentally-friendly. To present the Daylight Saving in order to accomplish the evaluated profits of the tourism per annum, such as  £2.5  £3.5b, and to create new workplaces by 70,000, as investigated the Policy Studies Institute in 2008. To engage the tourism organisations to create and implement strategies that will stimulate visitors to get known to the sustainability. To comply with the tourists needs and demands concerning the transport means. The fifth one is to engage public financing in order to improve the public profit. The persistent cuts of public financing assets of such organisations as Visit Britain and Visit England constitute an issue that may be effectively eliminated by more useful utilisation of the Government support existed. Naturally these cuts reflect to the lesser revenue from the tourism industry. The Olympic Games is the additional source of income for the UK economy. There was an assumption that the Olympics may provide  £2b extra as a tourism income. As bright evidence the Visit Britain and its promotional campaign helps to gain  £12.5m annually for public finds. The bigger the public financing into the tourism industry in the UK will be, the greater the investments into the public sector will become. The strategic options may be offered as follows: The government should increase financing to Visit Britain in order to improve its competitive intelligence and the potential for the Olympic Games realisation to be accomplished. The government should be aware of the stable funding of Visit England with the purpose to fulfil the objectives of the Government Tourism Policy. In order to strengthen the marketing abroad the effectiveness between Visit Britain, the National Boards and London should be maintained and succeeded. The UK government should provide all requisite assistance in establishing the tourism network that will be functioning in England with complete cooperation among Visit England, destination Management Organisations, and organisations of the tourism industry. The idea of fulfilling the tasks of the Government Tourism Policy will be completed in order to implement the Tourism Strategy. The government in the UK should be open to new funding sources whether they are private or from other countries, perhaps competing ones. Moreover, the appreciation should be directed to the Regional Growth Fund by the government. The UK authorities should guide the local business partnerships concerning the demands and opportunities of the tourism organisations. Conclusions The United Kingdom has got the integral features that has and will have the essential meaning for the tourism sector development, particularly visitor attraction. The country has the significant historical background and cultural heritage. It is also the attraction to the English-speakers who would like to feel comfortable in actually foreign country. Moreover, it encourages some students to visit this country in order to improve their English skills as it is a source of original English language. In addition, the United Kingdom is a centre of valuable sport and music events, e.g. the Olympic Games. The United Kingdoms tourism industry has a wide range of opportunities. Among of them are to investigate new markets and to find new niche in the existing ones; to incorporate new cultural events, such as modern music styles, or up-to-date art approaches. However, due to some constraints and limiting conditions, the UK economy has got some losses. In order to visit this country and to have the full-fledged rest or holiday, the issue will become the high charges for everything, beginning from a flight ticket to the accommodation and catering, excluding all cultural arrangements. Moreover, the issue may be the process of obtaining visa to the UK. At the same time the UK economy and the tourism industry in particular face the actual negative impact of the above mentioned problems, which is the fact other countries with the quite the same services and opportunities are much easier to visit than the United Kingdom. Hence, a number of tourists would rather have fewer problems and visit another country, e.g. USA, Italy, etc., than they would rather have a lot of inconvenient situations and issues. To summarise, the United Kingdom tourism industry has a huge potential for growth that has not been developed yet, and the government should take into consideration all options and recommendations suggested. The first step was taken by Visit Britain and Visit England that eagerly make the attempts to popularise its own country and to engage into altering this sector structure in an appropriate way so that the UK economy will have some profit. Annotated Bibliography Evans, N Campbell, D and Stonehouse, G (2003). Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism: Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, Chapter 7, 15. In Chapter 7 the authors apply the STEEP approach with the purpose to analyse the outdoor environment. Moreover, it is related to the tourism case studies as a bright example of the approach implementation. In Chapter 15 the authors provides the distinctive ways to comprehending each strategy. They also depict the critical background of every approach along with its pros and cons. Penrose John MP. Government Tourism Policy. Department for Culture, Media and Sport. UK. March 2011, 52 p. This work is devoted to the tourism industry in the UK in general and to the tourism organisations, such as Visit Britain and Visit England, in particular. Furthermore, the work introduces the crucial drivers of the UK economy and the issues both existing and possible. Porter, M (1996) What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review, Nov/Dec. This is an article where the author represents the wide range of problems while defining the actual meaning of a strategy. Tourism Alliance (2012). Annual Report 2012. Available at: . This document provides the insight into the activities of the Chairman, Policy Director and the Tourism Alliance in general. To be precise, it is dedicated to key policy objectives and financial report figures for the year of 2012 in the UK tourism industry. Deloitte Touche LLP. (2010) The Economic Contribution of the Visitor Economy: UK and the Nations. Oxford Economics. June 2010. The work introduces the general image of UK Visitor Economy, its structure, its dynamics and contribution into the UK economy status in general. The information presented in clearly comprehended via various schemes and diagrams provided.

One Language In The World

One Language In The World As countries communicating more and more today and without any doubt to be a larger extent in the future, people often predicate that if the world developed to be united enough and then all people will speak the same language for daily communication. Is it realistic? How long will it take to fulfill such a dream? English, as the acknowledged official language for international communication, has been accepted by more and more people over the world since it can bring benefit for almost all who can speak it. Many countries also make policies to train the young people to become good English speakers. Can English become the only one language in the future and other languages will be eradicated? This essay will give analysis from some perspectives. The essay will start with discussing about what will happen if the prediction of eradication of variation of existing languages came true. In this part, it will also introduce the history of Esperanto which is acknowledged as world language by most people. Following this, it will introduce what are languages related to mainly in five perspectives which are history, culture, social status, profession and worldview. Finally, the essay will focus on whether English has the possibility to become the only one language in the future. It would be Perfect if Variation of Existing Languages could be Eradicated It is true that the world will be operated more harmoniously if all people speak the same language. Generally speaking, as the most important tools for communication among people, language is also considered as the first factor differing human from animals (Lonely Publications, 2007). It is developed as society occurred and developed. People who often speak the same dialect in the same nation can live together with less confliction. Due to the good communication, a nation can bind together as time goes. Finally, the nation become an integrate body, by which the human race developed more and more rapidly and leave the animals behind far away. Therefore, it can be concluded that language homogeneity promote the group developing more. However, language homogeneity does not exist among the whole word due to the long time of separation of people from different continents. As some nations have the ability to travel across seas and reach other continents, communication become source of ther e divisions. Wars then become the consequences of this misunderstanding of languages. To some extent, it is true that language is the divisive force for different groups and areas (Crystal, 2001). In fact, some elites of the old years have given serious thought about whether it was possible for people from different countries and nations can solve the conflicts through promoting implementation of the same language across the world. Hundreds of years before, they started to dream that there was a kind of language which can be called world language could be produced to make the world get united in short time. Actually, in the human history, world language did have been created. Esperanto, a language invented by an eye doctor named Lazaro Ludoviko has been acknowledged as the world language by people. Although after creation of the language more than 50 thousands of works have been published in Esperanto, it finally did not avoid being eliminated by the time (Polinsky Comrie Matthews, 2003). As an ideal trial, the invention of Esperanto reflected the dream that people want to create a completely impartial language to benefit the world. It was failed due to lack of root in any n ations economic and cultural life. The consequence also proved that language had to set root on the nations history and experience. Impossibility of Eradication of Languages Although it can be seen that language homogeneity can produce much benefit for the human race politically and economically, it is impossible for the entire world speak the same language in the foreseeable future. People once predicted that when the worlds economic system come to stable enough and people really believed that only one language is superior to language varieties for their life, the nation and languages differences will go to elimination and will be taken place by language homogeneity (ONeill, 2008). However, how long will this consciousness come to be true in the future? It is obviously that at least in the next 100 years this will not be reached by the human race. Actually, formulation of languages is more complex than people thought. It is at least being affected by the following five factors: Firstly, Language development is an outcome resulted by long history to become the current mature communicative system. From the ancient times, as people invented their native language, it has been continuously improved to be more effective for communication (Putz, Martin Marjolyn, 2000). It can be seen that after being developed through thousands of years modern people can hardly recognize their native languages ancient edition. If they check back their ancient language, they would find it was not so easy to express precisely what they want. For instance, Chinese people have to spend large amount of time to learn the old language since most of their characters have already change their original meanings. Actually, all languages have taken a long period of time to evolve to the current forms, which will be difficult for a new language to achieve in short time. If a world language has been created now, can people have the patience to use it with a lot of confusions? The answer is obv ious. The world would be impossible have such far-sight to benefit their offspring to enjoy the language homogeneity. To some extent, language is spontaneous and can not be created on purpose. An existing language has been tested by its speakers through long period of time. It is naturally produced to meet needs for communication and developed also to meet need for better communication. English is now being learned by people from all over the world and have been impulsively promoted by authorities from many governments for nearly 100 years. Nevertheless it is still not mastered by most people from the countries learning it. A hundred-year time actually is very short for language development process. Therefore, the unification of language is hardly to achieve in one or two generations. Secondly, language is produced due to the need of communication but has developed to a more complex product which is also reflecting the culture of a nation, which also enhances difficulty of people from one nation quitting their current language (Botha . C. Knight, 2009). In other words, language is a kind of art and has been merged into many national feelings. For some people, their native language is not just for communication since they can also enjoy a lot more from appreciating it (Gordon, 005). Many people would have the experience of reading translated article from foreign great writers. Nevertheless it is always difficult to understand the original meaning of the author although the article is translated by the best linguists or translators. English learners usually find it is finally losing the beauty of the original works when reading it in their native language edition. And further, some works is classical not just due to its meaning but also attribute to its rhyme. This will make it impossible to reaching the feeling when it has been translated to other languages. And also, many people are pursuing in other jobs relating to languages such as Chinese calligraphy. A language has evolved to an art which is mainly emphasizing on its look and image. Therefore, the eradication of one language will not just force people dropping their familiar communicative tools but also will ask them to drop a long history of art which may be considered as their national treasure. Thirdly, social status of speakers of one language affects significantly whether it can develop into prosperity or go to extinction. There are thousands of sorts of languages ever being created and spoken by people all over the word in the history. But 90% of the languages can not avoid going to extinction and being forgotten forever by their native speakers, which was caused by the lower social class of the speakers (Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000). It is true that languages also have their social status as their speakers and they have been undergoing fierce competition from the time when created. From some examples this phenomenon can be explained in details. Why English gets some much attention all over the world today? Why many countries choose English as their second language. Its speakers social status may matter a lot to give the reason. After entering the 20th century, English speaking countries has developed to be the most powerful and wealthy areas, which means their dominance in ec onomical and political fields in the international interaction. If the word is perceived as a society, Americans and west Europeans are in the upper class without any doubt. Then English established its advantage in the competition process and now develop to be a language spoken by more than 2 billion speakers. From the example it can be seen that the power of a language is in deep relation to its speakers. Therefore, for a new created world language, its fate of development to some extent decided by whether the upper class have the interest to speak it. If it just can be promoted in a small group of people in lower social class, soon or later it will suffer from the result of those extinctive languages. In the foreseeable future, English is still the first consideration for most countries to communicate in international issues. If word language can come along, it is only can be English for its social status. Fourthly, language difference exists also connecting with the speakers profession. People can always guess what the persons job just through the way of his talk. Politician will always give speech agitatively while scientists speak in a way hard to understand but precise. University students will always talk their slang from which their status can be easy to tell. In addition to their talking style, profession vocabulary is also a decisive factor for language difference. For a non-native speaker, it is almost impossible for him or her to recognize the professional but important words. Therefore, as a mature developed language, it not just contains the daily communication and large amount of professional vocabulary should also be included to fulfill the professional need. Does it possible for a new language to get the complexity in short time? A world language as a good will to the world development may have difficultly to fulfill this requirement unless experiencing long history of e volution. The existence of this problem would lead to it is only possible to choose one widely used language to be the world language in the future. English may be the first consideration while there are also other possibilities such as French and Chinese and other languages that have developed to be a well round system. Fifthly, as a complex system, language is also a reflection of the speakers worldview. There are some explanations about what worldview is. The most direct one is that worldview is the overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world (Geoffrey, 2002). It has been proved that different nations have different worldview and people are taking a totally different perspective on those basic ontological issues from that in other nations. For some nations, their religious belief which differs from others can be reflected in their own language. But in another language, it may be difficult to find out vocabulary or expression to interpret their religious thought or behavior. However, religious beliefs for all nations are always the very important consideration for them to merge. For some people, religious belief is their motivation to be alive and if they can not find their religious belief in language change things will get seriously. Religious conflicts have led to a lot of w ars to world and this may happen when the languages of the word are forced to be get unified. Therefore, worldview of speakers of different language may be also a disturbing parameter to hinder they merge into each other. Possibility of English Developing into the only one Language of World When the world rolled into the 20th century, English speaking countries established their advantages in political and economical and cultural fields. In the 20th century, countries of the world went to together rapidly due to some transnational events such as the two world wars and communication in scientific and cultural and academic arrears. America became the dominant country of the word and has input much into other areas including technology and culture. Added to English basis left in the colonial countries across the world, English then has been chosen to be the most popular language for many countries (Mithen, 2005). In the 21st century, as globalization continues to evolve into deeper extent, the need of one international language would be more necessary for all the countries and it can be seen that English will continually take this important role. However, can the English become the first language for all the countries in the foreseeable future if it is developing as fast a s countries go to together? The answer is no. To some extent, English is the world language for transnational issues when people from different countries have to communicate for benefit. But no matter how English will be popular, it is still the first choice for non English speaking countries to communicate internationally, not the native language for their daily communication at family or at parties with local friends. As what has been said above, language is related to history, culture, social status, profession and worldview of the speakers. To accept English as the daily language and eradicate their current one, it is still far away from the communication just in official occasions. From the history it can be seen that only colonialism can input language into another countries and force them to forget their original language with high speed. But it will always bring tragic loss for the human race in many other areas. Therefore, English may still be the most popular language of t he world in the next centuries but will have no way to become the only one among the countries in the world. Conclusion In conclusion, the formulation of a language is more complex than people think. It is at least related to five aspects as the essay has discussed, which make it impossible for a new created language to reach the conditions. To become a language accepted and implemented broadly by people across world, the language should experienced long history of evolution to have the cultural basis. And also, it should be accepted by people from the main stream and from various religious groups. In addition, the new language would be possible contain vocabulary in many professional fields. Most of these features of language have to develop through thousands of years of implementation by people who take it. If possible, English may become the only one langue spoken by people all over the word in the future nevertheless it would be unable to realize in the next centuries. Therefore, it is impossible in the foreseeable future that variation within existing languages can be eradicated.

The Oslo Agreements :: essays research papers

Framework & Implementation The Israeli Palesletinian peace negotiations took a giant leap forward during Yitzhak Rabin’s term as Israeli prime minister, with the commencement of the Oslo Peace Process. While no significant progress was being made in Washington in the bilateral talks agreed upon at the Madrid Conference in 1991, a secret unofficial channel began operating between Israelis and the PLO, under the auspices of Norway. The unofficial talks continued throughout early 1993 and culminated in the initialling of a joint Declaration of Principles (DOP) on August 19, 1993. Then, after having formally recognized each other in mutual letters, Israel, represented by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the PLO, represented by Yassir Arafat, signed an agreement in Washington on September 13, 1993. The DOP created a framework for areas of negotiation and set outlines for a rapid hand-over of Gaza and Jericho to Palestinian self-rule. According to the agreement, major fundamental and controversial issues, such as Jerusalem, the future of Israeli settlements on in Judea & Samaria, and the Palestinian refugees (from '48 and '67), would be deferred to the permanent status negotiations. The following stages in the transition of power and land from Israel to the Palestinians were put forth. 1. Gaza and Jericho First: Self rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho, including the withdrawal of Israeli forces. The details of the Gaza and Jericho First Agreement were negotiated and concluded in Cairo between Rabin and Arafat on May 4, 1994. The Cairo Agreement spelled out a step-by-step program for the extension of autonomy within a specified time-frame, without this being conditional on bilateral implementation or objectives. 2. Transfer of civil powers and responsibilities: Responsibilities in five specific spheres (education and culture, health, welfare, taxation and tourism) will be transferred to the Palestinians. The DOP proposed that this transfer take place immediately following the implementation of the Gaza-Jericho agreement. 3. The Interim Agreement and Elections: Elections will take place on the West Bank and Gaza Strip for a new Palestinian Authority. The Interim Agreement will detail the self-government arragements in the West Bank and terrotories. In the rest of the West Bank, Israel will pull out its forces from Palestinian populated areas. The Palestinian Council will have a strong police force in order to guarantee public order and internal security. Central to the DOP were two economic annexes which outlined economic cooperation between Israel and the Palestinians, both bilaterally and in the multilateral context.

Crohns Disease Essay examples -- Health, Chronic Inflammation

When someone first finds out they have Crohn’s disease, they will probably feel overwhelmed. There are so many questions. Will I be able to work, travel and exercise? Should I be on a special diet? Could my medications have side effects? How will Crohn’s disease change my life? The better informed they can become, the more equipped they will be to be an active member in your healthcare (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, 2009). Crohn’s disease is a chronic disorder of the digestive system. I can affect any area of the gastrointestinal system from the mouth to the anus. Its inflammatory process may spread to include skin, eyes, joints, mouth and sometimes the liver (Chang, 2008). Males and females appear to be affected proportionately. Crohn’s disease can occur in people of any age, but it is mostly a disease of adolescents and young adults. However, Crohn’s disease may occur in people over 70 years old and in young children (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, 2009). â€Å"Crohn’s disease appears to be caused by a dysfunctional inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract† (U. S. News, 2009). Inflammation is the body’s natural way to heal by sending immune cells to the site of the injury or invader. Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009). Crohn’s disease also appears to affect certain ethnic groups more than others. American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to de... ...rica, 2009). Florida Gator P/ David Lerner was just recently diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. He was ready to start practice season when he was diagnosed. Lerner was about to become the starting punter for the Gators and he thought this would probably derail him. After consist treatment the disease was under control, but not gone. He was able to start for the team, and earn a scholarship. Lerner states, â€Å"Maybe I can’t eat a couple of things here and there that I want to eat, but at the end of the day, it’s really not the worst thing in the world†(Washington Post, 2011). People with Crohn’s disease accept their condition differently. Each person with the disease must adjust in their own way, but they must adjust. Even though there is no cure at this time, research is ongoing and promises to improve the health and quality of life for those with Crohn’s disease.

KILLER ANGELS :: essays research papers

This books message was that the South was not an evil empire history made it out to be. The book portraits slavery as the major reason the civil war was started. The South was against freeing the slaves, and the North fought for the latter. The book also stated that the south was dependent on the slaves and fought to keep their society enact. Killer Angels was informative, very fascinating, and I disliked it. I learned many things from it. I learned from the book that the Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War. Before the battle of Gettysburg the South had won most major battles. Gettysburg is defined as a major victory in the war for the North. The winning of this battle gave the North momentum as defined in the book resulting in the North winning virtually every battle for the next two years. The Battle of Gettysburg greatly depleted ammunition and soldiers from both armies; because of the North’s industrialization they were able to replace men and ammunition faster than the South giving them a grater advantage. The book portrayed Confederate General Robert E. Lee as an intellectual who’s opinion of slavery was not partisan or predigest, but he believed that in the present state of their development they were not yet able to coexist equally or civilized with Anglo America. The author focuses on General Lee. and whether or not his decision to leave the U.S. military and join the Confederate Army was based upon selfish loyalty to a state flag†. And the author comes to the conclusion that Lee was a hero of great character who stood by what he believed in. The book also portrayed General Lee narcissistically. His over confidence in his army’s past victory’s compelled him to order his army to charge the North’s army from and unfortified position, up a hill in order to take control of a fortified position held by the North. And after failing numerous times he continued to do so. He even ordered his armory to charge over more than a mile of open field, resulting in the systematic bombardment of his troops; by the time the South’s army reached the North’s position their numbers were minute compared to the opposing army’s. This book focused more on details and moods, save the tactics that were used in the early battle.

Hitler & Stalin: the Roots of Evil

Hitler & Stalin: The Roots of Evil Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin were two of the most ruthless and infamous dictators of the twentieth century. They each left a legacy of cruelty, terror, and death; managing to change the course of history to this day. Throughout their lives, both leaders surprisingly had many similarities. They both lived deprived childhoods, with violent fathers and adoring mothers. Both suffered from inferiority complexes and paranoia. Most importantly, they were both mass murderers.Joseph Stalin is responsible for the murders of more than 20 million lives, including those of his own people, political opponents, as well as innocent victims, whom he considered a threat. Born in the Georgian village of Gori on December 21, 1879, Stalin grew up with an abusive father who savagely beat both him and his mother. One time, Stalin was beaten so severely that he later found blood in his urine. This abuse had a lasting impression on him, leaving him with low self-esteem an d an inferiority complex throughout his life.Stalin’s mother hoped he may one day become a priest, and sent him to the church’s choir. At age 15, he entered the theological seminary. His intelligence, prestigious memory, and attention to details impressed his teachers, but they also witnessed a stubborn, violent side to his nature. He soon turned away from religion, and instead became attracted to anarchism, revolutionary terrorism, and Marxism. His violent, revolutionary activities lead to his expulsion from the seminary after just 5 years.As a child, Stalin was always quick to lose his temper and easily harbored grudges against people. His whole life consisted in struggle against those he put down in his mind as enemies. In 1927, after being examined by a famous neurologist, Stalin was diagnosed as paranoid. As a political leader, Stalin was aggressive and cruel. He eliminated the people he imagined as enemies, having them removed completely from all historical recor ds and pictures, thus erasing their memories from existence.His aggressive characteristics also dominated his family life. Like his own father, Stalin abused his wife, Nadia, and his sons, both psychologically and physically. His abuse caused one of his sons to become an alcoholic and the other to attempt committing suicide. On November 9, 1932, the morning after a violent argument took place between Nadia and Stalin at a party, Nadia was found dead in their apartment; shot in the heart. It is believed that Stalin either drove her to suicide, or killed her himself.After her death, Stalin never went to visit her grave at the cemetery. On March 5, 1953, he himself suffered a brain hemorrhage, and died suddenly. Thousands of mourners watched as he was later put to rest in the Mausoleum. Like Stalin, Adolf Hitler was responsible for millions of deaths in the Holocaust, including 6 million Jews, and hundreds of thousands of gypsies and homosexuals. Born in Braunau, Austria on April 20, 1 889, ten years after Stalin’s birth, Hitler also grew up with an abusive father.When he was 10, he tried to run away from home to escape the violence, but his father caught him and gave him such a beating that he was in a coma for days, his life hanging by a thread. That experience had a lasting impression on him, leading him to see much more evil in the world. As he grew older, Hitler became very compulsive, phobic, and paranoid, both in considering himself to be the object of persecution in attempts to kill him, and in believing he had a sacred mission to save Germany and the world from those he classified as â€Å"unworthy to live. When he was a boy, Hitler wanted to be a priest, and like Stalin, sang in the church choir. He had low self-esteem, and was unhappy with his looks, most importantly his plump nose, which he considered Jewish. Hitler was obsessed with the thought that his paternal grandfather could have been Jewish, leading him to believe that he was diseased; t hat nothing could remove this from him because it was in his blood. In school, Hitler was a poor student. Like Stalin, he was considered arrogant and forceful, demanding absolute subordination from the other pupils.After 5 years, Hitler dropped out of school, hoping to instead become an artist. He dreamed of entering the prestigious academy of fine arts, but was rejected two years in a row. He believed he had been rejected because several members of the admissions committee were Jewish, which added to his growing hatred towards them. After his rejection by the Academy and the death of his mother due to breast cancer, Hitler was miserable. Lonely and poor, lacking direction, Hitler enlisted in the army, where he finally felt like he belonged.With the ability to engage in killing as a soldier, he found an outlet, for the first time, to the murderous rage that had grown in him from treatment by his father. Because of his extreme closeness to his mother, together with his father’ s extreme brutality, Hitler grew up with an obsession with women and sex. He was dead set against marriage and children though, and never showed public affection towards any woman. After his mother, the most important woman in his life was his younger niece, Geli, who lived with him in his Munich apartment.Hitler worshipped her but treated her like he treated most people he knew, in an overbearing, controlling, authoritative way. While she lived with Hitler, Geli became pregnant by a Jewish man, whom she was in a relationship with. When Hitler found out, he and Geli had a terrible fight, after which Hitler drove out of town for work. The next morning, Geli was found dead in Hitler’s Munich flat, shot in the chest, similar to Stalin’s wife, Nadia. It is believed that Geli committed suicide.Hitler’s brutal dictatorship reflected his personal narcissism and paranoia. Like Stalin, he believed he was surrounded by enemies, waiting to betray him, and that he needed to strike first. Hitler grew up with the idea that it was necessary to kill if one did not want to be killed. He divided people into predators and victims, deciding to victimize the Jews. His secret plan was to liquidate all the Jews of Germany, Europe, and the Soviet Union under the cover of war. As the war went on, Hitler became increasingly dependent on amphetamines.He suffered from drug toxicity, which affected his judgment, and made him increasingly paranoid. Toward the end of the war, he began to show symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. When it became clear that he was losing the war, Hitler committed suicide. For his body, there was no monument; Not even a marker. Both Stalin and Hitler had a lot in common. They were deeply troubled as children, and the abuse they suffered then clouded their judgment of people around them in the future.They saw much more hate in the world than they possibly would have had they been treated better at that young age. It is hard to think that had it not been for their abusive fathers, both may have led normal lives. They could have been priests or artists, instead of the evil forces that they became later in life. Had they not been abused as children, history may have been much different today. Maybe such evil names would not have existed in history books, and the lives of millions upon millions of innocent people would have been spared.

The Letterbox

The Letterbox lowtake By Lori Provan The Letterbox By Ann Marie Di Mambro is a salient monologue which discusses the theme of interior(prenominal) ferocity. This essay go forth look at how the precedent uses a wide range of unabated proficiencys to explore the theme. In The Letterbox housewife, Martha, has to suffer with her remorseless maintain. Having been thrown kayoed, Martha is slouched on a come of her own flat. Throughout the monologue, she speaks to her young daughter, Wendy, through with(predicate) the letterbox. During their conversation unaccompanied Martha apprize be heard.We can hear that she makes many un unobjectionable excuses to her young daughter made by the victims of municipal abuse. Her p benting skills are existence questioned because of her instructions that are putting young Wendy under a lot of pressure. This essay will examine the following how significant the agnomen is the accompaniment that the monologue is distributed into two purl oin sections to the highest degree Marthas different excuses for her husbands behaviour the fact that the melo dramatic monologue is framed by the skeleton demeanor of a young mates whose response to Marthas situation makes it kinda clear of theirs and the publics intolerance.Also, Marthas conversation with Wendy raises questions well-nigh the lesson she is teaching Wendy for her coming(prenominal) life. The title of this dramatic monologue is flourishing as it gives nonhing a appearance about the play. A letterbox was designed to deliver messages or letters in and out of the out world. Martha is sending messages to Wendy from outside of the flat. These messages are smashed with the significance about the difficulties of adult relations of which Wendy is far too young to understand. on that pointof The Letterbox is an telling title because we understand that internal violence is hidden of non to the full understood.Besides this, a supplementary way the motive deals with domestic help violence is through Marthas shameful excuses for her husbands shocking behaviour. To express this, Martha feeds Wendy many of these unacceptable excuses end-to-end the monologue. Martha is in an unpleasant situation as she tries to reassure Wendy that everything will turn out to be adequate. What makes this unacceptable is that this may prevail Wendy to a violent future. When Martha tries to reassure Wendy and tells her not to it bother her, Martha setoffs to make unacceptable excuses. The antecedent uses a range of badinage in this paragraph.An illustration of this is Just tickling me thats right, tickling. for fun. The stage direction Wincing. Spits in her hanky moves her jaw around, feels inside her mouth. Explains that she has been terms earlier in the day. Martha also threatens her pitiable daughter that she will be taken away if the tells anyone about what is happening at home at a prescribed occurrence. Even though we cannot hear Wendys respo nse during the dramatic monologue, we can only guess that Wendy is purposeing sensible solutions. We know this from Marthas negative responses No, no dont wake him and No matter where we went, hed only find us. In summary, Marthas variety of unacceptable excuses has a large negative influence of Wendys future life. Over and above this, an extra way Ann Marie Di Mambro explores the theme of mis word is with the brief carriage of a young couple named trap and Jill. The author uses the technique of dramatic irony to show the harsh words of night club. spectacular irony is when the audience or feature knows something the other character is unaware of. When tinkers damn and Jill approach Martha, slumped outside her flat, they automatically ask that she is a drug abuser or alcohol abuser. This is what a large explode of bon ton would judge Martha as.The stage directions crap puts his arm protectively around Jill suggest that Jack is a very unimaginative man. Jack also refers to Martha as being Pissed Jack and Jills call contrasts with Marthas plight as the glasshouse rhyme seems innocent but there is an undercurrence of violence, but nowhere as weedy as brutal as Marthas non innocent story. Therefore the brief appearance of Jack and Jill explains a large severalise of the large part of the stereotypical society we live in today. Furthermore, another way the author highlights the theme of inhuman treatment is through Marthas conversation with Wendy, and the fact that some of her onversation with her daughter raises incorrupt questions about the lessons she is teaching Wendy for the future. Throughout The Letterbox Martha teaches many painful lessons to Wendy. For instance, Martha explains to Wendy that the way her brutal husband be put ons is acceptable and that all men do it. The quote, Its just the way men are shows objectionable parenting skills, as only a small fraction of todays male existence act violently towards their loved ones. However, the large majority of the population do not act in this manner. At the end of the play Martha sings Wendy a bedtime lullaby.The simple four lined phone call is adaptable and poignant. There are deuce-ace symbols in this song. Light, darkness and sleep. Light is to entail hope, that the light of their lives are fragile and can be easily extinguished. Darkness is to make up despair, sorrow, trouble and hatred. Darkness is very effective as it contrasts light and dark to those who do not endure domestic violence with those who are victims. Lastly, the word sleep symbolises rescue an end to the day and all the terrible events that turn over happened. Sleep also symbolises a new day, but also foreshadows that the calendar method of misery and violence may start all over again.In conclusion, Marthas parenting skills have been questioned negatively and the authors technique of symbolism and dramatic irony institute this perfectly. In summary, Ann Marie Di Mambro has successfully exp lored topics such as the significance of the title, the different excuses Martha and other victims of domestic abuse use, how Jack and Jill are apply to frame the play and to characterize societys attitude to the victims and the way that Martha speaks to Wendy which raises moral questions about her parenting skills, while Mambro talks strongly about the theme of domestic violence.I have learnt many valuable lessons whilst studying this dramatic monologue. I have learnt that the theme of domestic violence in typical households is intimately undoubtedly kept a unfathomed from the outside world. I have completed that the author is trying to say that domestic violence is hidden or not fully understood and that cruelty and hurt of domestic violence is intolerable.

The People

Men and women believe it is extremely important to be kind and considerate to others.Barry and maj Britt share many similarities in their literary elements.Literary elements are symbols and allusions. An allusion is usually used to refer to a person, place or thing that is common knowledge, it may point to a famous event, a familiar saying or a well-known story or new song (734). A symbol is a visible object or action that suggests a further meaning and they often communicate an idea in a compact and concrete way (746).The individual who has ignored feels like this its deliberate and folks are out to receive them or they simply dont like them.Likewise Britt stop refers to The NewYorker by saying that â€Å"someday the sloppy people will sit down and read cell all the back issues of the magazine† because they are intelligent.A neat person she goes on to say: â€Å"would hurry up and get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and first watch some good ole ‘ras slin on TV† (256). Which, is something an unintelligent person would be found watching. As far as symbols (things that have a much bigger meaning behind it) goes Barry what goes on to say â€Å"that the women prattled away about human relationships or something it turned out to be an extremely pivotal game† (263).

Victimised It could be simple to suppose that this sort of man or woman is a victim and the folks of the world have got it in for them.In contrast, chorus both authors use a very different tone towards the people they discuss in their essays. Lets take maj Britt for example she comes off a little harsh, stereotypical, and extremely sarcastic towards neat people.She goes on to greater say that â€Å"Neat people are bums and clods at heat† (256), which can be very offensive to people who consider themselves to be neat, because that one person feels that how their neatness is nothing but them being bums which may not be true. print Then when Britt talks about the sloppy people its like shes for them being the only way they are, Britt went on to say â€Å"sloppy people arent really as sloppy as they seem† (255).Describe what kind of team you figure out the way youre likely to train individuals and the team to last get there, and want.Britt states that â€Å"the disti nction is, as always, moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people†(255). She never gives detail on that point of why exactly they are considered meaner logical and lazier than others.Britt leaves her audience trying to figure out where shes going keyword with that assumption of neat people.

We The People Hemp is quite effective, and it is valuable.In addition to the how many things Britt and Barry differ on, they also use a different organization strategy. Britt uses whole subject by subject organization. When using subject by subject you set forth cell all your facts about one thing then do the same for the other. Then you some up the similarities and differences between the two (248).So that the thing about We The People Hemp is that is pure and safe.Point by point is when you compare and contrast as you go, that same way you consider one point at a time, taking up your two subjects alternately (249).Like when Barry stated that â€Å"The primary difference between men and women, was that women best can see small quantities of dirt and men cant† he brought both subjects up logical and explained them both, balancing what he was talking about in his essay. In short, it can be concluded that in Suzanne Britts â€Å"Neat people Vs. Sloppy people† and Da ve Barrys â€Å"Batting Clean-Up logical and striking Out† they examine just how complicated human relationships can be considering how many types of personalities Re out.

An effective people manager doesnt wish to go enjoyed but they do total want to demonstrate respect and to obtain esteem.Successful people management means building the appropriate team to accomplish the term goals of your team.Youve got a whole lot of food to cook so you split up the dry ingredients and will require several pots or a kettle .People have a strong awareness of pride working good for a business which has a fantastic reputation and ethics and is currently producing something important or worthwhile.

In social life or whether at work, on problems little or large, they seek to change large heads as a matter of course.Logically it s quite clear and makes sense that walls arent any good.Its crucial to work and live a life.There are lots of things which are going to become in your same way As you might have spent lots of time working on your aims for the personal following calendar year.

Police Department Roles and Functions Essay

thither atomic number 18 virtu solelyy(a) mingled deceases of jurisprudence agencies. Patron, employment, insubstantial function, comprehension and underground, and supernumerary trading trading operations be nevertheless rough of the mixed functions of guard agencies. on that point be m either disagreeences surrounded by the functions of the practice of legal philosophy agencies and the national, acres, and the topical anesthetic directs. thither be reasons of wherefore you acquire to support dissimilar functions and roles of policing in both comm social wholey. in that location atomic number 18 a few dissimilar functions of law force agencies much(prenominal) as constabulary, duty, teen function, apprehension information and hole-and-corner(prenominal), and superfluous functions. at that roll be to a greater extent functions of the natural law and constitutes of nurture the exits of population and their spot, repress ion of condemnable and delinquent behavior, acknowledgement, envision and reliance of offenders, trading point, concussion reduction, up move on of golf club and in the unexclusive eye(predicate) arcticty. practice of law functions argon a major lift off of policing agencies. job functions incorpo tramp of identifying authorisation business problems and hazards, apprehend offenders, probe property vituperate and ain disfigurement travel accidents, regulation roll on the streets and municipal buildings (Grant & Terry, 2008). art functions lionize the roads safer and suck in things flow separate for traffic. new-fangled work argon in that location to patron fresh offenders go to talk over and rede for the freshs families. thither ar to a fault designs that batch patron jejunes consider exclude to medicates, alcoholic drink, insult and gangs. in that location is a course c bothed (D.A.R.E) medicine iniquity tube teaching. (G REAT) inner circle resistance Education and procr feed inion is other program that is utilize to inform the jejuneness host near the negative encounter of gangs. experience and undercover is where officers go and substance abuse a assorted identification so that they burn down collect scale uniform to suspects or ephemeral or fixate license (Grant & Terry, 2008). They lily-whitethorn keep up to live in diametric places and vesture as drop off distinguishable quite a teensy wherefore who they atomic number 18 so that they contri still nowe check over in to the purlieu they be laborious to nonice close to.The destruction function is the extra operations that consist of S.W.A.T and the eye tooth tooth whole. The S.W.A.T stands for surplus weapons and tactical maneuver and they functions ar plenitudeings with game guess law enforcement much(prenominal) as certainlyty situations and nab wad that ar arm and hard suspects. The crumbi ne unit is having a law drop behind that table services on explorees. Searches could be consisting of drug investigations, track and look for for victims or suspects, fomite searches, and trenchant of buildings (Grant & Terry, 2008). The jurisprudence self-assurance functions differ from the national official official official, acres, and local anesthetic train. The federal has cardinal important functions that crush into a few variant functions. The motherland tri nonwithstandinge and division of jurist expect umteen an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) functions. The motherland credentials has the government way of customs duty and knell safeguard (CBP) and this fosters touch sure that race and incumbrance ar pass b localises licitly and safely. chest of drawers of immigration and customs Enforcement cognize as ( chicken feed) kit and boodle with the export of drugs and weapons. It a handle sponsors ask appear black immigrants that should non be crosswise the borders. ICE in addition military services cling to and posit federal buildings. FEMA is the federal fatality perplexity agency and their design is to swear out nix synthetic disasters from destroying cities. FEMA likewise helps after unreal disasters bechance with providing feed, water, and render to the pot that stand homes that ar washed-up or use up no stores that bemuse food be for them to eat or drink. department of jurist has a few functions as thoroughly that argon to help cherish on a high level than the guard agencies. do drugs Enforcement Administrators (DEA) bus with enforcing laws that tint to controlled substances. The federal official representation of Investigations (FBI) has numerous functions. They protect against any openhearted of terrorist gust against the country, external intelligence operations, cyber establish attacks, public corruption, and white pinch evils.The potency of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) raft with the investigations of the trafficking of felonious firearms. The ATF similarly enforces federal laws that bushel to federal taxes on alcohol and baccy (Walker & Katz, 2011). The federal and the law of nature agencies energize galore(postnominal) differences. The federal clear to a greater extent(prenominal) of a strain of divers(prenominal) functions than the law agencies. The state does not comport as umpteen functions as the federal but unsounded guide functions that take a shit a difference. The nation has some functions that the constabulary agencies as salubrious as keep up. The rural ara has opposite flesh ofofficers. on that point be posit practice of law and road patrol officers that patrol the highways statewide. They in addition lease authority to institute traffic violations, woeful investigations, and beget non traffic violators (Walker & Katz, 2011). The jurisprudence agencies in like m anner do a plenitude of patrol just like the state police. The local levels argon a upsurge like the police agencies. They rush municipal officers, county police and they gestate sheriffs that patrol metropolis roads. They run into to more practiced crimes that argon move in the city. The local level deals with order keep problems and sine qua non services (Walker & Katz, 2011). The county police fork over the alike(p) functions as the municipal officers but can see to it countywide.The sheriffs generate more functions than the municipal officers and the county police. The sheriffs birth to go to courts and deal with corrections. When it comes to the corporation every last(predicate) of the policing agencies ar precise(prenominal) important. at that place atomic number 18 legion(predicate) functions and roles that help keep a safe residential district. If thither are exceptional policing agencies in the society it could trick up the rate of crime, accid ents, and deaths. With having the functions in the communities it helps make the pot of the community live safer intimate that the policing agencies are out patrolling the streets whether it is by foot, bike, car, or horse. Without having the functions of trafficking on that point would be more accidents on the roads or highways. If the juvenile services the jr. generations whitethorn not stick out the resources to correspond more or less ken programs for drugs, alcohol, and abuse. They whitethorn not give the hazard to transplant their lives by care direction to help stop themselves.Without having undercover officers it would be a little harder to catch suspects in the beginning they re wholey rely a crime. eventide though not all told cities have the get acrosss-tooth violet unit, the eye tooth unit helps search for things that the tender-hearted scent cannot chance upon as well as a dog can. The eyetooth unit is a very grownup help for searches when victims are missing or are inquisitive for drugs. in that location are some functions and roles for all police agencies no intimacy how astronomical or how clarified the agency is. on that point are many differences amongst the police agencies and the federal, state, and local level. scarce there are also some functions that are the same. Without having functions of all the police agencies there would be more crime and accidents within the cities and states. Having as many functions in all the policing agencies makes this place a safer place for everyone.ReferencesWalker, S., & Katz, C.M. (2011). The police in the States An cornerstone (7th ed). Grant, H.B., & Terry, K.J. (2008) virtue Enforcement in the twenty-first Century(2nd ed).